# Biblio

Found 67 results
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2019
Authors: Teng Shangchun, Li Wen, Tao Xin, Ma Qianli, and Shen Xiaochen
Title: Characteristics and Generation of Low‐Frequency Magnetosonic Waves Below the Proton Gyrofrequency
Abstract: We report a Van Allen Probes observation of large‐amplitude magnetosonic waves with the peak intensity below the proton gyrofrequency (fcp), which may potentially be misinterpreted as electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves. The frequency spacing of the wave harmonic structure suggests that these magnetosonic waves are excited at a distant source region and propagate radially inward. We also conduct a statistical analysis of low‐frequency magnetosonic waves below fcp based on the Van Allen Probes data from October 2012 to December 2018. The spatial distribution shows that these low‐frequency magnetosonic emissions are dominantly observed inside the plasmasphere from the prenoon to the midnight sector within 5° of the geomagnetic equator and typically have modest‐to‐strong wave ampli. . .
Date: 10/2019 Publisher: Geophysical Research Letters Pages: 11652 - 11660 DOI: 10.1029/2019GL085372 Available at: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2019GL085372
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Authors: Xu Jiyao, He Zhaohai, Baker D.N., Roth Ilan, Wang C., et al.
Title: Characteristics of high energy proton responses to geomagnetic activities in the inner radiation belt observed by the RBSP satellite
Abstract: High energy trapped particles in the radiation belts constitute potential threats to the functionality of satellites as they enter into those regions. In the inner radiation belt, the characteristics of high‐energy (>20MeV) protons variations during geomagnetic activity times have been studied by implementing four‐year (2013‐2016) observations of the Van Allen probes. An empirical formula has been used to remove the satellite orbit effect, by which proton fluxes have been normalized to the geomagnetic equator. Case studies show that the region of L<1.7 is relatively stable, while L>1.7 is more dynamic and the most significant variation of proton fluxes occurs at L=2.0. The four‐year survey at L=2.0 indicates that for every geomagnetic storm, sharp descent in proton fluxes is accomp. . .
Date: 05/2019 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1029/2018JA026205 Available at: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2018JA026205
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Authors: Zhao H., Johnston W.R., Baker D.N., Li X, Ni B, et al.
Title: Characterization and Evolution of Radiation Belt Electron Energy Spectra Based on the Van Allen Probes Measurements
Abstract: Based on the measurements of ~100‐keV to 10‐MeV electrons from the Magnetic Electron Ion Spectrometer (MagEIS) and Relativistic Electron and Proton Telescope (REPT) on the Van Allen Probes, the radiation belt electron energy spectra characterization and evolution have been investigated systematically. The results show that the majority of radiation belt electron energy spectra can be represented by one of three types of distributions: exponential, power law, and bump‐on‐tail (BOT). The exponential spectra are generally dominant in the outer radiation belt outside the plasmasphere, power law spectra usually appear at high L‐shells during injections of lower‐energy electrons, and BOT spectra commonly dominate inside the plasmasphere at L>2.5 during relatively quiet times. The. . .
Date: 05/2019 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1029/2019JA026697 Available at: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2019JA026697
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Authors: Ren Jie, Zong Q. G., Zhou X. Z., Spence H E, Funsten H O, et al.
Title: Cold Plasmaspheric Electrons Affected by ULF Waves in the Inner Magnetosphere: A Van Allen Probes Statistical Study
Abstract: Six years of Van Allen Probes data are used to investigate cold plasmaspheric electrons affected by ultralow‐frequency (ULF) waves in the inner magnetosphere (L<7) including spatial distributions, occurrence conditions, and resonant energy range. Events exhibit a global distribution within L= 4–7 but preferentially occur at L∼5.5–7 in the dayside, while there is higher occurrence rate in the duskside than dawnside. They can occur under different geomagnetic activities and solar wind velocities (VS), but the occurrence rates are increasing with larger AE, |SYMH|, and VS. These features are closely associated with the generation and propagation of ULF waves in Pc4 (45–150 s) and Pc5 (150–600 s) bands. Combined with electron observations from HOPE instrument, the resonant energies. . .
Date: 10/2019 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Pages: 7954 - 7965 DOI: 10.1029/2019JA027009 Available at: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2019JA027009
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Authors: Ferradas C. P., Jordanova V K, Reeves G D, and Larsen B A
Title: Comparison of Electron Loss Models in the Inner Magnetosphere During the 2013 St. Patrick's Day Geomagnetic Storm
Abstract: Electrons with energies in the keV range play an important role in the dynamics of the inner magnetosphere. Therefore, accurately modeling electron fluxes in this region is of great interest. However, these calculations constitute a challenging task since the lifetimes of electrons that are available have limitations. In this study, we simulate electron fluxes in the energy range of 20 eV to 100 keV to assess how well different electron loss models can account for the observed electron fluxes during the Geospace Environment Modelling Challenge Event of the 2013 St. Patrick's Day storm. Three models (Case 1, Case 2, and Case 3) of electron lifetimes due to wave‐induced pitch angle scattering are used to compute the fluxes, which are compared with measurements from the Van Allen Probes. Th. . .
Date: 09/2019 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Pages: 7872 - 7888 DOI: 10.1029/2019JA026649 Available at: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2019JA026649
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Authors: Baker D.N., Zhao H., Li X, Kanekal S.G., Jaynes A.N., et al.
Title: Comparison of Van Allen Probes Energetic Electron Data with Corresponding GOES‐15 Measurements: 2012‐2018
Abstract: Electron fluxes (especially at energies E > 0.8 and >2 MeV) have been measured for many years by sensors on board the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES). These long‐term data (nominally at L~6.6) have become a mainstay for monitoring the Earth's radiation environment. We have carried out a study directly comparing the comprehensive radiation belt particle measurements from the NASA dual‐spacecraft Van Allen Probes (Radiation Belt Storm Probes) sensor systems with selected GOES operational data. The Van Allen Probes have measured the properties of radiation belt electrons virtually continuously from September 2012 through 2018. We make statistical comparisons of Van Allen Probes electron data near L=6 with concurrent daily averages of equivalent GOES‐15 flux . . .
Date: 11/2019 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1029/2019JA027331 Available at: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2019JA027331
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Authors: Mager Olga V., Chelpanov Maksim A., Mager Pavel N., Klimushkin Dmitri Yu., and Berngardt Oleg I.
Title: Conjugate Ionosphere‐Magnetosphere Observations of a Sub‐Alfvénic Compressional Intermediate‐ m Wave: A Case Study Using EKB Radar and Van Allen Probes
Abstract: A Pc5 wave was simultaneously observed in the ionosphere by EKB radar and in the magnetosphere by both Van Allen Probe spacecraft within a substorm activity. The wave was located in the nightside, in 1.5‐ to 3‐hr magnetic local time sector, and in the region corresponding to the magnetic shells with maximal distances 4.6–7.8 Earth's radii. As it was found using both the radar and spacecraft data, the wave had frequency of about 1.8 mHz and azimuthal wave number m≈−10; that is, the wave was westward propagating. The EKB radar data revealed the equatorward wave propagating in the ionosphere, which corresponded to the earthward propagation in the magnetosphere. Furthermore, the field‐aligned magnetic component was approximately 2 times larger than both transverse components and ac. . .
Date: 05/2019 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1029/2019JA026541 Available at: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2019JA026541
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Authors: Da Silva L. A., Sibeck D., Alves L. R., Souza V. M., Jauer P. R., et al.
Title: Contribution of ULF wave activity to the global recovery of the outer radiation belt during the passage of a high-speed solar wind stream observed in September 2014
Abstract: Energy coupling between the solar wind and the Earth's magnetosphere can affect the electron population in the outer radiation belt. However, the precise role of different internal and external mechanisms that leads to changes of the relativistic electron population is not entirely known. This paper describes how Ultra Low Frequency (ULF) wave activity during the passage of Alfvénic solar wind streams contributes to the global recovery of the relativistic electron population in the outer radiation belt. To investigate the contribution of the ULF waves, we searched the Van Allen Probes data for a period in which we can clearly distinguish the enhancement of electron fluxes from the background. We found that the global recovery that started on September 22, 2014, which coincides with the co. . .
Date: 02/2019 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1029/2018JA026184 Available at: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2018JA026184
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Authors: Omura Yoshiharu, Hsieh Yi‐Kai, Foster John C., Erickson Philip J., Kletzing Craig A., et al.
Title: Cyclotron Acceleration of Relativistic Electrons Through Landau Resonance With Obliquely Propagating Whistler‐Mode Chorus Emissions
Abstract: Efficient acceleration of relativistic electrons at Landau resonance with obliquely propagating whistler‐mode chorus emissions is confirmed by theory, simulation, and observation. The acceleration is due to the perpendicular component of the wave electric field. We first review theoretical analysis of nonlinear motion of resonant electrons interacting with obliquely propagating whistler‐mode chorus. We have derived formulae of inhomogeneity factors for Landau and cyclotron resonances to analyze nonlinear wave trapping of energetic electrons by an obliquely propagating chorus element. We performed test particle simulations to confirm that nonlinear wave trapping by both Landau and cyclotron resonances can take place for a wide range of energies. For an element of large amplitude chorus . . .
Date: 04/2019 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1029/2018JA026374 Available at: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2018JA026374
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2018
Authors: Malaspina David M., Ukhorskiy Aleksandr, Chu Xiangning, and Wygant John
Title: A census of plasma waves and structures associated with an injection front in the inner magnetosphere
Abstract: Now that observations have conclusively established that the inner magnetosphere is abundantly populated with kinetic electric field structures and nonlinear waves, attention has turned to quantifying the ability of these structures and waves to scatter and accelerate inner magnetospheric plasma populations. A necessary step in that quantification is determining the distribution of observed structure and wave properties (e.g. occurrence rates, amplitudes, spatial scales). Kinetic structures and nonlinear waves have broadband signatures in frequency space and consequently, high resolution time domain electric and magnetic field data is required to uniquely identify such structures and waves as well as determine their properties. However, most high resolution fields data is collected with a . . .
Date: 02/2018 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2017JA025005 Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2017JA025005/full
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Authors: Pinto Víctor A., Bortnik Jacob, Moya Pablo S., Lyons Larry R., Sibeck David G., et al.
Title: Characteristics, Occurrence and Decay Rates of Remnant Belts associated with Three-Belt events in the Earth's Radiation Belts
Abstract: Shortly after the launch of the Van Allen Probes, a new three‐belt configuration of the electron radiation belts was reported. Using data between September 2012 and November 2017, we have identified 30 three‐belt events and found that about 18% of geomagnetic storms result in such configuration. Based on the identified events, we evaluated some characteristics of the remnant (intermediate) belt. We determined the energy range of occurrence and found it peaks at E = 5.2 MeV. We also determined that the magnetopause location and SYM‐H value may play an important role in the outer belt losses that lead to formation and location of the remnant belt. Finally, we calculated the decay rates of the remnant belt for all events and found that their lifetime gets longer as energy increases,. . .
Date: 10/2018 Publisher: Geophysical Research Letters DOI: 10.1029/2018GL080274 Available at: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2018GL080274
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Authors: Fathy A., Kim K.-H., Park J.-S., Jin H., Kletzing C., et al.
Title: Characteristics of Sudden Commencements Observed by Van Allen Probes in the Inner Magnetosphere
Abstract: We have statistically studied sudden commencement (SC) by using the data acquired from Van Allen Probes (VAP) in the inner magnetosphere (L = 3.0–6.5) and GOES spacecraft at geosynchronous orbit (L =∼ 6.7) from October 2012 to September 2017. During the time period, we identified 85 SCs in the inner magnetosphere and 90 SCs at geosynchronous orbit. Statistical results of the SC events reveal the following characteristics. (1) There is strong seasonal dependence of the geosynchronous SC amplitude in the radial BV component at all local times. However, BV shows weak seasonal variation on the dayside in the inner magnetosphere. (2) The local time dependence of the SC amplitude in the compressional BH component at geosynchronous orbit is similar to that in the inner magnetosphere. (3) In a. . .
Date: 02/2018 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2017JA024770 Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2017JA024770/full
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Authors: Yuan Zhigang, Yu Xiongdong, Huang Shiyong, Qiao Zheng, Yao Fei, et al.
Title: Cold Ion Heating by Magnetosonic Waves in a Density Cavity of the Plasmasphere
Abstract: Fast magnetosonic (MS) waves play an important role in the dynamics of the inner magnetosphere. Theoretical prediction and simulation have demonstrated that MS waves can heat cold ions. However, direct observational evidence of cold ion heating by MS waves has so far remained elusive. In this paper, we show a typical event of cold ion heating by magnetosonic waves in a density cavity of the plasmasphere with observations of the Van Allen Probe mission on 22 August 2013. During enhancements of the MS wave intensity in the density cavity, the fluxes of trapped H+ and He+ ions with energies of 10–100 eV were observed to increase, implying that cold plasmaspheric ions were heated through high-order resonances with the MS waves. Based on simultaneous observations of ring current protons, we h. . .
Date: 02/2018 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2017JA024919 Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2017JA024919/full
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Authors: Hua Man, Ni Binbin, Fu Song, Gu Xudong, Xiang Zheng, et al.
Title: Combined Scattering of Outer Radiation Belt Electrons by Simultaneously Occurring Chorus, Exohiss, and Magnetosonic Waves
Abstract: We report a typical event that fast magnetosonic (MS) waves, exohiss, and two‐band chorus waves occurred simultaneously on the dayside observed by Van Allen Probes on 25 December 2013. By combining calculations of electron diffusion coefficients and 2‐D Fokker‐Planck diffusion simulations, we quantitatively analyze the combined scattering effect of multiple waves to demonstrate that the net impact of combined scattering does not simply depend on the wave intensity dominance of various plasma waves. Although the observed MS waves are most intense, the electron butterfly distribution is inhibited by exohiss and chorus, and electrons are considerably accelerated by combined scattering of MS and chorus waves. The simulated electron pitch angle distributions exhibit the variation trend co. . .
Date: 09/2018 Publisher: Geophysical Research Letters DOI: 10.1029/2018GL079533 Available at: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2018GL079533
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Authors: Ren Jie, Zong Qiu-Gang, Miyoshi Yoshizumi, Rankin Robert, Spence Harlan E, et al.
Title: A comparative study of ULF waves' role in the dynamics of charged particles in the plasmasphere: Van Allen Probes observation
Abstract: By analyzing observations from Van Allen Probes in its inbound and outbound orbits, we present evidence of coherent enhancement of cold plasmaspheric electrons and ions due to drift‐bounce resonance with ULF waves. From 18:00 UT on 28 May 2017 to 10:00 UT on 29 May 2017, newly formed poloidal mode standing ULF waves with significant electric field oscillations were observed in two consecutive orbits when Probe B was travelling inbound. In contrast to observations during outbound orbits, the cold (< 150 eV) electorns measured by the HOPE instrument were characterized by flux enhancements several times larger and bi‐directional pitch angle distributions during inbound orbits. The electron number density inferred from upper hybrid waves is twice as larger as during inbound orbits, which w. . .
Date: 06/2018 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1029/2018JA025255 Available at: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2018JA025255
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Authors: Saikin A.A., Jordanova V.K., Zhang J.C., Smith C.W., Spence H.E., et al.
Title: Comparing simulated and observed EMIC wave amplitudes using in situ Van Allen Probes’ measurements
Abstract: We perform a statistical study calculating electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) wave amplitudes based off in situ plasma measurements taken by the Van Allen Probes’ (1.1–5.8 Re) Helium, Oxygen, Proton, Electron (HOPE) instrument. Calculated wave amplitudes are compared to EMIC waves observed by the Electric and Magnetic Field Instrument Suite and Integrated Science on board the Van Allen Probes during the same period. The survey covers a 22-month period (1 November 2012 to 31 August 2014), a full Van Allen Probe magnetic local time (MLT) precession. The linear theory proxy was used to identify EMIC wave events with plasma conditions favorable for EMIC wave excitation. Two hundred and thirty-two EMIC wave events (103 H+-band and 129 He+-band) were selected for this comparison. Nearly . . .
Date: 02/2018 Publisher: Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2018.01.024 Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364682617302122
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Authors: Yue Chao, Bortnik Jacob, Li Wen, Ma Qianli, Gkioulidou Matina, et al.
Title: The composition of plasma inside geostationary orbit based on Van Allen Probes observations
Abstract: The composition of the inner magnetosphere is of great importance for determining the plasma pressure, and thus the currents and magnetic field configuration. In this study, we perform a statistical survey of equatorial plasma pressure distributions and investigate the relative contributions of ions and electron with different energies inside of geostationary orbit under two AE levels based on over sixty months of observations from the HOPE and RBSPICE mass spectrometers on board Van Allen Probes. We find that the total and partial pressures of different species increase significantly at high AE levels with Hydrogen (H+) pressure being dominant in the plasmasphere. The pressures of the heavy ions and electrons increase outside the plasmapause and develop a strong dawn‐dusk asymmetry with. . .
Date: 07/2018 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1029/2018JA025344 Available at: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2018JA025344
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Authors: Roederer Juan G., and Lejosne ène
Title: Coordinates for Representing Radiation Belt Particle Flux
Abstract: Fifty years have passed since the parameter “L-star” was introduced in geomagnetically trapped particle dynamics. It is thus timely to review the use of adiabatic theory in present-day studies of the radiation belts, with the intention of helping to prevent common misinterpretations and the frequent confusion between concepts like “distance to the equatorial point of a field line,” McIlwain's L-value, and the trapped particle's adiabatic L* parameter. And too often do we miss in the recent literature a proper discussion of the extent to which some observed time and space signatures of particle flux could simply be due to changes in magnetospheric field, especially insofar as off-equatorial particles are concerned. We present a brief review on the history of radiation belt parameter. . .
Date: 02/2018 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2017JA025053 Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2017JA025053/full
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2017
Authors: Yue Chao, Bortnik Jacob, Thorne Richard M, Ma Qianli, An Xin, et al.
Title: The characteristic pitch angle distributions of 1 eV to 600 keV protons near the equator based on Van Allen Probes observations
Abstract: Understanding the source and loss processes of various plasma populations is greatly aided by having accurate knowledge of their pitch angle distributions (PADs). Here, we statistically analyze ~1 eV to 600 keV hydrogen (H+) PADs near the geomagnetic equator in the inner magnetosphere based on Van Allen Probes measurements, to comprehensively investigate how the H+ PADs vary with different energies, magnetic local times (MLTs), L-shells, and geomagnetic conditions. Our survey clearly indicates four distinct populations with different PADs: (1) a pancake distribution of the plasmaspheric H+ at low L-shells except for dawn sector; (2) a bi-directional field-aligned distribution of the warm plasma cloak; (3) pancake or isotropic distributions of ring current H+; (4) radiation belt particles s. . .
Date: 08/2017 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2017JA024421 Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2017JA024421/full
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Authors: Yue Chao, Chen Lunjin, Bortnik Jacob, Ma Qianli, Thorne Richard M, et al.
Title: The characteristic response of whistler mode waves to interplanetary shocks
Abstract: Magnetospheric whistler mode waves play a key role in regulating the dynamics of the electron radiation belts. Recent satellite observations indicate a significant influence of interplanetary (IP) shocks on whistler mode wave power in the inner magnetosphere. In this study, we statistically investigate the response of whistler mode chorus and plasmaspheric hiss to IP shocks based on Van Allen Probes and THEMIS satellite observations. Immediately after the IP shock arrival, chorus wave power is usually intensified, often at post-midnight to pre-noon sector, while plasmaspheric hiss wave power predominantly decreases near the dayside but intensifies near the nightside. We conclude that chorus wave intensification outside the plasmasphere is probably associated with the suprathermal electron . . .
Date: 09/2017 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2017JA024574 Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2017JA024574/full
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Authors: Li Jinxing, Bortnik Jacob, An Xin, Li Wen, Thorne Richard M, et al.
Title: Chorus Wave Modulation of Langmuir Waves in the Radiation Belts
Abstract: Using high-resolution waveforms measured by the Van Allen Probes, we report a novel observation in the radiation belts. Namely, we show that multiband, discrete, rising-tone whistler mode chorus emissions exhibit a one-to-one correlation with Langmuir wave bursts. Moreover, the periodic Langmuir wave bursts are generally observed at the phase location where the chorus wave E|| component is oriented opposite to its propagation direction. The electron measurements show a beam in phase space density at the particle velocity that matches the parallel phase velocity of the chorus waves. Based on this evidence, we conclude that the chorus waves accelerate the suprathermal electrons via Landau resonance and generate a localized electron beam in phase space density. Consequently, the Langmuir wave. . .
Date: 12/2017 Publisher: Geophysical Research Letters Pages: 11,713 - 11,721 DOI: 10.1002/2017GL075877 Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2017GL075877/full
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Authors: Agapitov O., Blum L. W., Mozer F S, Bonnell J. W., and Wygant J
Title: Chorus whistler wave source scales as determined from multipoint Van Allen Probe measurements
Abstract: Whistler mode chorus waves are particularly important in outer radiation belt dynamics due to their key role in controlling the acceleration and scattering of electrons over a very wide energy range. The key parameters for both nonlinear and quasi-linear treatment of wave-particle interactions are the temporal and spatial scales of the wave source region and coherence of the wave field perturbations. Neither the source scale nor the coherence scale is well established experimentally, mostly because of a lack of multipoint VLF waveform measurements. We present an unprecedentedly long interval of coordinated VLF waveform measurements (sampled at 16384 s−1) aboard the two Van Allen Probes spacecraft—9 h (0800–1200 UT and 1700–2200 UT) during two consecutive apogees on 15 July . . .
Date: 03/2017 Publisher: Geophysical Research Letters DOI: 10.1002/2017GL072701 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2017GL072701
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Authors: Aryan Homayon, Sibeck David G., Bin Kang Suk-, Balikhin Michael A., Fok Mei-Ching, et al.
Title: CIMI simulations with newly developed multi-parameter chorus and plasmaspheric hiss wave models
Abstract: Numerical simulation studies of the Earth's radiation belts are important to understand the acceleration and loss of energetic electrons. The Comprehensive Inner Magnetosphere-Ionosphere (CIMI) model considers the effects of the ring current and plasmasphere on the radiation belts to obtain plausible results. The CIMI model incorporates pitch angle, energy, and cross diffusion of electrons, due to chorus and plasmaspheric hiss waves. These parameters are calculated using statistical wave distribution models of chorus and plasmaspheric hiss amplitudes. However, currently these wave distribution models are based only on a single parameter, geomagnetic index (AE), and could potentially underestimate the wave amplitudes. Here we incorporate recently developed multi-parameter chorus and plasmas. . .
Date: 08/2017 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2017JA024159 Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2017JA024351/full
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Authors: Cohen Ross, Gerrard Andrew J., Lanzerotti Louis J., Soto-Chavez A. R., Kim Hyomin, et al.
Title: Climatology of high-β plasma measurements in Earth's inner magnetosphere
Abstract: Since their launch in August 2012, the Radiation Belt Storm Probe Ion Composition Experiment (RBSPICE) instruments on the NASA Van Allen Probes spacecraft have been making continuous high-resolution measurements of Earth's ring current plasma environment. After a full traversal through all magnetic local times, a climatology (i.e., a survey of observations) of high-beta (β) plasma events (defined here as β > 1) as measured by the RBSPICE instrument in the ∼45 keV to ∼600 keV proton energy range in the inner magnetosphere (L < 5.8) has been constructed. In this paper we report this climatology of such high-β plasma occurrences, durations, and their general characteristics. Specifically, we show that most high-β events in the RBSPICE energy range are associated with postdusk/premidni. . .
Date: 01/2017 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2016JA022513 Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016JA022513
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Authors: Li Jinxing, Bortnik Jacob, Li Wen, Thorne Richard M, Ma Qianli, et al.
Title: Coherently modulated whistler mode waves simultaneously observed over unexpectedly large spatial scales
Abstract: Utilizing simultaneous twin Van Allen Probes observations of whistler mode waves at variable separations, we are able to distinguish the temporal variations from spatial variations, determine the coherence spatial scale, and suggest the possible mechanism of wave modulation. The two probes observed coherently modulated whistler mode waves simultaneously at an unexpectedly large distance up to ~4.3 RE over 3 h during a relatively quiet period. The modulation of 150–500 Hz plasmaspheric hiss was correlated with whistler mode waves measured outside the plasmasphere across 3 h in magnetic local time and 3 L shells, revealing that the modulation was temporal in nature. We suggest that the coherent modulation of whistler mode waves was associated with the coherent ULF waves measured ov. . .
Date: 02/2017 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Pages: 1871-1882 DOI: 10.1002/2016JA023706 Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016JA023706/full
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Authors: Li Jinxing, Bortnik Jacob, Li Wen, Thorne Richard M., Ma Qianli, et al.
Title: Coherently modulated whistler mode waves simultaneously observed over unexpectedly large spatial scales
Abstract: Utilizing simultaneous twin Van Allen Probes observations of whistler mode waves at variable separations, we are able to distinguish the temporal variations from spatial variations, determine the coherence spatial scale, and suggest the possible mechanism of wave modulation. The two probes observed coherently modulated whistler mode waves simultaneously at an unexpectedly large distance up to ~4.3 RE over 3 h during a relatively quiet period. The modulation of 150–500 Hz plasmaspheric hiss was correlated with whistler mode waves measured outside the plasmasphere across 3 h in magnetic local time and 3 L shells, revealing that the modulation was temporal in nature. We suggest that the coherent modulation of whistler mode waves was associated with the coherent ULF waves measured ov. . .
Date: 02/2017 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2016JA023706 Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016JA023706/full
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Authors: Kronberg E. A., Grigorenko E. E., Turner D. L., Daly P. W., Khotyaintsev Y., et al.
Title: Comparing and contrasting dispersionless injections at geosynchronous orbit during a substorm event
Abstract: Particle injections in the magnetosphere transport electrons and ions from the magnetotail to the radiation belts. Here we consider generation mechanisms of “dispersionless” injections, namely, those with simultaneous increase of the particle flux over a wide energy range. In this study we take advantage of multisatellite observations which simultaneously monitor Earth's magnetospheric dynamics from the tail toward the radiation belts during a substorm event. Dispersionless injections are associated with instabilities in the plasma sheet during the growth phase of the substorm, with a dipolarization front at the onset and with magnetic flux pileup during the expansion phase. They show different spatial spread and propagation characteristics. Injection associated with the dipolarization. . .
Date: 03/2017 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2016JA023551 Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016JA023551/full
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Authors: Demekhov A. G., Manninen J., ík O., and Titova E. E.
Title: Conjugate Ground-Spacecraft Observations of VLF Chorus Elements
Abstract: We present results of simultaneous observations of VLF chorus elements at the ground-based station Kannuslehto in Northern Finland and on board Van Allen Probe A. Visual inspection and correlation analysis of the data reveal one-to-one correspondence of several (at least 12) chorus elements following each other in a sequence. Poynting flux calculated from electromagnetic fields measured by the Electric and Magnetic Field Instrument Suite and Integrated Science instrument on board Van Allen Probe A shows that the waves propagate at small angles to the geomagnetic field and oppositely to its direction, that is, from northern to southern geographic hemisphere. The spacecraft was located at L≃4.1 at a geomagnetic latitude of −12.4∘ close to the plasmapause and inside a localized density . . .
Date: 12/2017 Publisher: Geophysical Research Letters Pages: 11,735 - 11,744 DOI: 10.1002/2017GL076139 Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2017GL076139/full
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Authors: Zhang X.-J., Mourenas D., Artemyev A. V., Angelopoulos V, and Thorne R M
Title: Contemporaneous EMIC and Whistler-Mode Waves: Observations and Consequences for MeV Electron Loss
Abstract: The high variability of relativistic (MeV) electron fluxes in the Earth's radiation belts is partly controlled by loss processes involving resonant interactions with electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) and whistler-mode waves. But as previous statistical models were generated independently for each wave mode, whether simultaneous electron scattering by the two wave types has global importance remains an open question. Using >3 years of simultaneous Van Allen Probes and THEMIS measurements, we explore the contemporaneous presence of EMIC and whistler-mode waves in the same L-shell, albeit at different local times, determining the distribution of wave and plasma parameters as a function of L, Kp, and AE. We derive electron lifetimes from observations and provide the first statistics of comb. . .
Date: 07/2017 Publisher: Geophysical Research Letters DOI: 10.1002/2017GL073886 Available at: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2017GL073886/full
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Authors: Goldstein J, Angelopoulos V, De Pascuale S., Funsten H O, Kurth W S, et al.
Title: Cross-scale observations of the 2015 St. Patrick's day storm: THEMIS, Van Allen Probes, and TWINS
Abstract: We present cross-scale magnetospheric observations of the 17 March 2015 (St. Patrick's Day) storm, by Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS), Van Allen Probes (Radiation Belt Storm Probes), and Two Wide-angle Imaging Neutral-atom Spectrometers (TWINS), plus upstream ACE/Wind solar wind data. THEMIS crossed the bow shock or magnetopause 22 times and observed the magnetospheric compression that initiated the storm. Empirical models reproduce these boundary locations within 0.7 RE. Van Allen Probes crossed the plasmapause 13 times; test particle simulations reproduce these encounters within 0.5 RE. Before the storm, Van Allen Probes measured quiet double-nose proton spectra in the region of corotating cold plasma. About 15 min after a 0605 UT dayside sout. . .
Date: 01/2017 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Pages: 368 - 392 DOI: 10.1002/jgra.v122.110.1002/2016JA023173 Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016JA023173/full
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Authors: Goldstein J., Angelopoulos V., De Pascuale S., Funsten H. O., Kurth W. S., et al.
Title: Cross-scale observations of the 2015 St. Patrick's day storm: THEMIS, Van Allen Probes, and TWINS
Abstract: We present cross-scale magnetospheric observations of the 17 March 2015 (St. Patrick's Day) storm, by Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS), Van Allen Probes (Radiation Belt Storm Probes), and Two Wide-angle Imaging Neutral-atom Spectrometers (TWINS), plus upstream ACE/Wind solar wind data. THEMIS crossed the bow shock or magnetopause 22 times and observed the magnetospheric compression that initiated the storm. Empirical models reproduce these boundary locations within 0.7 RE. Van Allen Probes crossed the plasmapause 13 times; test particle simulations reproduce these encounters within 0.5 RE. Before the storm, Van Allen Probes measured quiet double-nose proton spectra in the region of corotating cold plasma. About 15 min after a 0605 UT dayside sout. . .
Date: 01/2017 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2016JA023173 Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016JA023173
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2016
Authors: Sarris Theodore E., and Li Xinlin
Title: Calculating ultra-low-frequency wave power of the compressional magnetic field vs. L and time: multi-spacecraft analysis using the Van Allen probes, THEMIS and GOES
Abstract: Ultra-low-frequency (ULF) pulsations are critical in radial diffusion processes of energetic particles, and the power spectral density (PSD) of these fluctuations is an integral part of the radial diffusion coefficients and of assimilative models of the radiation belts. Using simultaneous measurements from two Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) geosynchronous satellites, three satellites of the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) spacecraft constellation and the two Van Allen probes during a 10-day period of intense geomagnetic activity and ULF pulsations of October 2012, we calculate the PSDs of ULF pulsations at different L shells. By following the time history of measurements at different L it is shown that, during this tim. . .
Date: 06/2016 Publisher: Annales Geophysicae Pages: 565 - 571 DOI: 10.5194/angeo-34-565-2016 Available at: http://www.ann-geophys.net/34/565/2016/
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Authors: Ma Q, Li W, Thorne R M, Bortnik J, Reeves G D, et al.
Title: Characteristic energy range of electron scattering due to plasmaspheric hiss
Abstract: We investigate the characteristic energy range of electron flux decay due to the interaction with plasmaspheric hiss in the Earth's inner magnetosphere. The Van Allen Probes have measured the energetic electron flux decay profiles in the Earth's outer radiation belt during a quiet period following the geomagnetic storm that occurred on 7 November 2015. The observed energy of significant electron decay increases with decreasing L shell and is well correlated with the energy band corresponding to the first adiabatic invariant μ = 4–200 MeV/G. The electron diffusion coefficients due to hiss scattering are calculated at L = 2–6, and the modeled energy band of effective pitch angle scattering is also well correlated with the constant μ lines and is consistent with the observed e. . .
Date: 11/2016 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2016JA023311 Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016JA023311/full
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Authors: Zhou Xu-Zhi, Wang Zi-Han, Zong Qiu-Gang, Rankin Robert, Kivelson Margaret G., et al.
Title: Charged particle behavior in the growth and damping stages of ultralow frequency waves: theory and Van Allen Probes observations
Abstract: Ultralow frequency (ULF) electromagnetic waves in Earth's magnetosphere can accelerate charged particles via a process called drift resonance. In the conventional drift-resonance theory, a default assumption is that the wave growth rate is time-independent, positive, and extremely small. However, this is not the case for ULF waves in the real magnetosphere. The ULF waves must have experienced an earlier growth stage when their energy was taken from external and/or internal sources, and as time proceeds the waves have to be damped with a negative growth rate. Therefore, a more generalized theory on particle behavior during different stages of ULF wave evolution is required. In this paper, we introduce a time-dependent imaginary wave frequency to accommodate the growth and damping of the wav. . .
Date: 03/2016 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Pages: n/a - n/a DOI: 10.1002/2016JA022447 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2016JA022447http://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2F2016JA022447
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Authors: Cohen Ross, Gerrard Andrew, Lanzerotti Louis, Soto-Chavez A. R., Kim Hyomin, et al.
Title: Climatology of high β plasma measurements in Earth's inner magnetosphere
Abstract: Since their launch in August 2012, the Radiation Belt Storm Probe Ion Composition Experiment (RBSPICE) instruments on the NASA Van Allen Probes spacecraft have been making continuous high resolution measurements of Earth's ring current plasma environment. After a full traversal through all magnetic local times, a climatology (i.e., a survey of observations) of high beta (β) plasma events (defined here as β>1) as measured by the RBSPICE instrument in the ∼45-keV to ∼600-keV proton energy range in the inner magnetosphere (L<5.8) has been constructed. In this paper we report this climatology of such high β plasma occurrences, durations, and their general characteristics. Specifically, we show that most high β events in the RBSPICE energy range are associated with post-dusk/pre-midnigh. . .
Date: 12/2016 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2016JA022513 Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016JA022513/full
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Authors: He Fengming, Cao Xing, Ni Binbin, Xiang Zheng, Zhou Chen, et al.
Title: Combined Scattering Loss of Radiation Belt Relativistic Electrons by Simultaneous Three-band EMIC Waves: A Case Study
Abstract: Multiband electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves can drive efficient scattering loss of radiation belt relativistic electrons. However, it is statistically uncommon to capture the three bands of EMIC waves concurrently. Utilizing data from the Electric and Magnetic Field Instrument Suite and Integrated Science magnetometer onboard Van Allen Probe A, we report the simultaneous presence of three (H+, He+, and O+) emission bands in an EMIC wave event, which provides an opportunity to look into the combined scattering effect of all EMIC emissions and the relative roles of each band in diffusing radiation belt relativistic electrons under realistic circumstances. Our quantitative results, obtained by quasi-linear diffusion rate computations and 1-D pure pitch angle diffusion simulations, de. . .
Date: 05/2016 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2016JA022483 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2016JA022483
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Authors: Engel M. A., Kress B T, Hudson M K, and Selesnick R. S.
Title: Comparison of Van Allen Probes radiation belt proton data with test particle simulation for the 17 March 2015 storm
Abstract: The loss of protons in the outer part of the inner radiation belt (L = 2 to 3) during the 17 March 2015 geomagnetic storm was investigated using test particle simulations that follow full Lorentz trajectories with both magnetic and electric fields calculated from an empirical model. The simulation results presented here are compared with proton pitch angle measurements from the Van Allen Probe satellites Relativistic Electron Proton Telescope (REPT) instrument before and after the coronal mass ejection-shock-driven storm of 17–18 March 2015, with minimum Dst =− 223 nT, the strongest storm of Solar Cycle 24, for four different energy ranges with 30, 38, 50, and 66 MeV mean energies. Two simulations have been run, one with an inductive electric field and one without. All four energy chan. . .
Date: 11/2016 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2016JA023333 Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016JA023333/full
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Authors: Denton M. H., Reeves G. E., Thomsen M F, Henderson M G, Friedel R H W, et al.
Title: The complex nature of storm-time ion dynamics: Transport and local acceleration
Abstract: Data from the Van Allen Probes Helium, Oxygen, Proton, Electron (HOPE) spectrometers reveal hitherto unresolved spatial structure and dynamics in ion populations. Complex regions of O+ dominance, at energies from a few eV to >10 keV, are observed throughout the magnetosphere. Isolated regions on the dayside that are rich in energetic O+ might easily be interpreted as strong energization of ionospheric plasma. We demonstrate, however, that both the energy spectrum and the limited MLT extent of these features can be explained by energy-dependent drift of particles injected on the night side 24 hours earlier. Particle tracing simulations show that the energetic O+ can originate in the magnetotail, not in the ionosphere. Enhanced wave activity is co-located with the heavy-ion rich plasma a. . .
Date: 09/2016 Publisher: Geophysical Research Letters DOI: 10.1002/2016GL070878 Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/2016GL070878/abstract
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Authors: Liu H., Zong Q.-G., Zhou X.-Z., Fu S. Y., Rankin R, et al.
Title: Compressional ULF wave modulation of energetic particles in the inner magnetosphere
Abstract: We present Van Allen Probes observations of modulations in the flux of very energetic electrons up to a few MeV and protons between 1200 − 1400 UT on February 19th, 2014. During this event the spacecraft were in the dayside magnetosphere at L⋆≈5.5. The modulations extended across a wide range of particle energies, from 79.80 keV to 2.85 MeV for electrons and from 82.85 keV to 636.18 keV for protons. The fluxes of π/2 pitch angle particles were observed to attain maximum values simultaneously with the ULF compressional magnetic field component reaching a minimum. We use peak-to-valley ratios to quantify the strength of the modulation effect, finding that the modulation is larger at higher energies than at lower energies. It is shown that the compressional wave modulation of the parti. . .
Date: 05/2016 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2016JA022706 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2016JA022706
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Authors: ěmec F., Hospodarsky G., Pickett J. S., ík O., Kurth W S, et al.
Title: Conjugate observations of quasiperiodic emissions by the Cluster, Van Allen Probes, and THEMIS spacecraft
Abstract: We present results of a detailed analysis of two electromagnetic wave events observed in the inner magnetosphere at frequencies of a few kilohertz, which exhibit a quasiperiodic (QP) time modulation of the wave intensity. The events were observed by the Cluster and Van Allen Probes spacecraft and in one event also by the THEMIS E spacecraft. The spacecraft were significantly separated in magnetic local time, demonstrating a huge azimuthal extent of the events. Geomagnetic conditions at the times of the observations were very quiet, and the events occurred inside the plasmasphere. The modulation period observed by the Van Allen Probes and THEMIS E spacecraft (duskside) was in both events about twice larger than the modulation period observed by the Cluster spacecraft (dawnside). Moreover, i. . .
Date: 08/2016 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Pages: 7647 - 7663 DOI: 10.1002/2016JA022774 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2016JA022774
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Authors: Osmane Adnane, III Lynn B. Wilson, Blum Lauren, and Pulkkinen Tuija I.
Title: On the Connection Between Microbursts and Nonlinear Electronic Structures in Planetary Radiation Belts
Abstract: Using a dynamical-system approach, we have investigated the efficiency of large-amplitude whistler waves for causing microburst precipitation in planetary radiation belts by modeling the microburst energy and particle fluxes produced as a result of nonlinear wave–particle interactions. We show that wave parameters, consistent with large-amplitude oblique whistlers, can commonly generate microbursts of electrons with hundreds of keV-energies as a result of Landau trapping. Relativistic microbursts (>1 MeV) can also be generated by a similar mechanism, but require waves with large propagation angles ${\theta }_{{kB}}\gt 50^\circ$ and phase-speeds ${v}_{{\rm{\Phi }}}\geqslant c/9$. Using our result for precipitating density and energy fluxes, we argue that holes in the distribution functio. . .
Date: 01/2016 Publisher: The Astrophysical Journal Pages: 51 DOI: 10.3847/0004-637X/816/2/51 Available at: http://stacks.iop.org/0004-637X/816/i=2/a=51?key=crossref.70d237eeae19ada88cf791dd9ba676be
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Authors: Selesnick R. S., Su Y.-J., and Blake J B
Title: Control of the innermost electron radiation belt by large-scale electric fields
Abstract: Electron measurements from the Magnetic Electron Ion Spectrometer instruments on Van Allen Probes, for kinetic energies ∼100 to 400 keV, show characteristic dynamical features of the innermost ( inline image) radiation belt: rapid injections, slow decay, and structured energy spectra. There are also periods of steady or slowly increasing intensity and of fast decay following injections. Local time asymmetry, with higher intensity near dawn, is interpreted as evidence for drift shell distortion by a convection electric field of magnitude ∼0.4 mV/m during geomagnetically quiet times. Fast fluctuations in the electric field, on the drift time scale, cause inward diffusion. Assuming that they are proportional to changes in Kp, the resulting diffusion coefficient is sufficient to replenish . . .
Date: 08/2016 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2016JA022973 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2016JA022973
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Authors: Fennell J. F., Blake J B, Claudepierre S., Mazur J, Kanekal S., et al.
Title: Current energetic particle sensors
Abstract: Several energetic particle sensors designed to make measurements in the current decade are described and their technology and capabilities discussed and demonstrated. Most of these instruments are already on orbit or approaching launch. These include the Magnetic Electron Ion Spectrometers (MagEIS) and the Relativistic Electron Proton Telescope (REPT) that are flying on the Van Allen Probes, the Fly's Eye Electron Proton Spectrometers (FEEPS) flying on the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission, and Dosimeters flying on the AC6 Cubesat mission. We focus mostly on the electron measurement capability of these sensors while providing summary comments of their ion measurement capabilities if they have any.
Date: 09/2016 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2016JA022588 Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016JA022588/abstract
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2015
Authors: Shprits Yuri Y, Kellerman Adam, Drozdov Alexander, Spense Harlan, Reeves Geoffrey, et al.
Title: Combined Convective and Diffusive Simulations: VERB-4D Comparison with March 17, 2013 Van Allen Probes Observations
Abstract: This study is focused on understanding the coupling between different electron populations in the inner magnetosphere and the various physical processes that determine evolution of electron fluxes at different energies. Observations during the March 17, 2013 storm and simulations with a newly developed Versatile Electron Radiation Belt-4D (VERB-4D) are presented. Analysis of the drift trajectories of the energetic and relativistic electrons shows that electron trajectories at transitional energies with a first invariant on the scale of ~100MeV/G may resemble ring current or relativistic electron trajectories depending on the level of geomagnetic activity. Simulations with the VERB-4D code including convection, radial diffusion, and energy diffusion are presented. Sensitivity simulations in. . .
Date: 09/2015 Publisher: Geophysical Research Letters DOI: 10.1002/2015GL065230 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2015GL065230
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Authors: Katsavrias C., Daglis I. A., Li W, Dimitrakoudis S., Georgiou M., et al.
Title: Combined effects of concurrent Pc5 and chorus waves on relativistic electron dynamics
Abstract: We present electron phase space density (PSD) calculations as well as concurrent Pc5 and chorus wave activity observations during two intense geomagnetic storms caused by interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) resulting in contradicting net effect. We show that, during the 17 March 2013 storm, the coincident observation of chorus and relativistic electron enhancements suggests that the prolonged chorus wave activity seems to be responsible for the enhancement of the electron population in the outer radiation belt even in the presence of pronounced outward diffusion. On the other hand, the significant depletion of electrons, during the 12 September 2014 storm, coincides with long-lasting outward diffusion driven by the continuous enhanced Pc5 activity since chorus wave a. . .
Date: 09/2015 Publisher: Annales Geophysicae Pages: 1173 - 1181 DOI: 10.5194/angeo-33-1173-2015 Available at: http://www.ann-geophys.net/33/1173/2015/
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Authors: Hwang J., Choi E.-J., Park J.-S., Fok M.-C., Lee D.-Y., et al.
Title: Comprehensive analysis of the flux dropout during 7-8 November 2008 storm using multi-satellites observations and RBE model
Abstract: We investigate an electron flux dropout during a weak storm on 7–8 November 2008, with Dst minimum value being −37 nT. During this period, two clear dropouts were observed on GOES 11 > 2 MeV electrons. We also find a simultaneous dropout in the subrelativistic electrons recorded by Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms probes in the outer radiation belt. Using the Radiation Belt Environment model, we try to reproduce the observed dropout features in both relativistic and subrelativistic electrons. We found that there are local time dependences in the dropout for both observation and simulation in subrelativistic electrons: (1) particle loss begins from nightside and propagates into dayside and (2) resupply starts from near dawn magnetic local time . . .
Date: 05/2015 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2015JA021085 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2015JA021085
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Authors: Nunn David, and Omura Yoshiharu
Title: A computational and theoretical investigation of nonlinear wave-particle interactions in oblique whistlers
Abstract: Most previous work on nonlinear wave-particle interactions between energetic electrons and VLF waves in the Earth's magnetosphere has assumed parallel propagation, the underlying mechanism being nonlinear trapping of cyclotron resonant electrons in a parabolic magnetic field inhomogeneity. Here nonlinear wave-particle interaction in oblique whistlers in the Earth's magnetosphere is investigated. The study is nonself-consistent and assumes an arbitrarily chosen wave field. We employ a “continuous wave” wave field with constant frequency and amplitude, and a model for an individual VLF chorus element. We derive the equations of motion and trapping conditions in oblique whistlers. The resonant particle distribution function, resonant current, and nonlinear growth rate are computed as func. . .
Date: 04/2015 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2014JA020898 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2014JA020898
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Authors: Jaynes A. N., Lessard M. R., Takahashi K., Ali A. F., Malaspina D. M., et al.
Title: Correlated Pc4-5 ULF waves, whistler-mode chorus and pulsating aurora observed by the Van Allen Probes and ground-based systems
Abstract: Theory and observations have linked equatorial VLF waves with pulsating aurora for decades, invoking the process of pitch-angle scattering of 10's keV electrons in the equatorial magnetosphere. Recently published satellite studies have strengthened this argument, by showing strong correlation between pulsating auroral patches and both lower-band chorus and 10's keV electron modulation in the vicinity of geosynchronous orbit. Additionally, a previous link has been made between Pc4-5 compressional pulsations and modulation of whistler-mode chorus using THEMIS. In the current study, we present simultaneous in-situ observations of structured chorus waves and an apparent field line resonance (in the Pc4-5 range) as a result of a substorm injection, observed by Van Allen Probes, along with groun. . .
Date: 07/2015 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2015JA021380 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2015JA021380
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2014
Authors: Li W, Ni B, Thorne R M, Bortnik J, Green J C, et al.
Title: Calculation of whistler-mode wave intensity using energetic electron precipitation
Abstract: The energetic electron population measured by multiple low-altitude POES satellites is used to infer whistlermode wave amplitudes using a physics-based inversion technique. We validate this technique by quantitatively analyzing a conjunction event between the Van Allen Probes and POES, and find that the inferred hiss wave amplitudes from POES electron measurements agree remarkably well with directly measured hiss waves amplitudes. We also use this technique to construct the global distribution of chorus wave intensity with extensive coverage over a broad L-MLT region during the 8–9 October 2012 storm and demonstrate that the inferred chorus wave amplitudes agree well with conjugate measurements of chorus wave amplitudes from the Van Allen Probes. The evolution of the whistler-mode wave i. . .
Date: 08/2014 Publisher: IEEE DOI: 10.1109/URSIGASS.2014.6929965 Available at: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=6929965
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Authors: Turner D. L., Angelopoulos V, Morley S. K., Henderson M G, Reeves G D, et al.
Title: On the cause and extent of outer radiation belt losses during the 30 September 2012 dropout event
Abstract: On 30 September 2012, a flux “dropout” occurred throughout Earth's outer electron radiation belt during the main phase of a strong geomagnetic storm. Using eight spacecraft from NASA's Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) and Van Allen Probes missions and NOAA's Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites constellation, we examined the full extent and timescales of the dropout based on particle energy, equatorial pitch angle, radial distance, and species. We calculated phase space densities of relativistic electrons, in adiabatic invariant coordinates, which revealed that loss processes during the dropout were > 90% effective throughout the majority of the outer belt and the plasmapause played a key role in limiting the spatial extent . . .
Date: 03/2014 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Pages: 1530 - 1540 DOI: 10.1002/2013JA019446 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2013JA019446
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