# Biblio

Found 640 results
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Authors: Miyoshi Y, Matsuda S., Kurita S., Nomura K., Keika K, et al.
Title: EMIC waves converted from equatorial noise due to M/Q=2 ions in the plasmasphere: Observations from Van Allen Probes and Arase
Abstract: Equatorial noise (EN) emissions are observed inside and outside the plasmapause. EN emissions are referred to as magnetosonic mode waves. Using data from Van Allen Probes and Arase, we found conversion from EN emissions to electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves in the plasmasphere and in the topside ionosphere. A low frequency part of EN emissions becomes EMIC waves through branch splitting of EN emissions, and the mode conversion from EN to EMIC waves occurs around the frequency of M/Q=2 (deuteron and/or alpha particles) cyclotron frequency. These processes result in plasmaspheric EMIC waves. We investigated the ion composition ratio by characteristic frequencies of EN emissions and EMIC waves and obtained ion composition ratios. We found that the maximum composition ratio of M/Q=2 io. . .
Date: 04/2019 Publisher: Geophysical Research Letters DOI: 10.1029/2019GL083024 Available at: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2019GL083024
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Authors: Morley S. K., Henderson M G, Reeves G D, Friedel R H W, and Baker D N
Title: Phase Space Density matching of relativistic electrons using the Van Allen Probes: REPT results
Abstract: 1] Phase Space Density (PSD) matching can be used to identify the presence of nonadiabatic processes, evaluate accuracy of magnetic field models, or to cross-calibrate instruments. Calculating PSD in adiabatic invariant coordinates requires a global specification of the magnetic field. For a well specified global magnetic field, nonadiabatic processes or inadequate cross calibration will give a poor PSD match. We have calculated PSD(μ, K) for both Van Allen Probes using a range of models and compare these PSDs at conjunctions in L* (for given μ, K). We quantitatively assess the relative goodness of each model for radiation belt applications. We also quantify the uncertainty in the model magnetic field magnitude and the related uncertainties in PSD, which has applications for modeling and. . .
Date: 09/2013 Publisher: Geophysical Research Letters Pages: 4798–4802 DOI: 10.1002/grl.50909 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/grl.50909
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Authors: Morley Steven K., Sullivan John P., Henderson Michael G., Blake Bernard, and Baker Daniel N
Title: The Global Positioning System constellation as a space weather monitor: Comparison of electron measurements with Van Allen Probes data
Abstract: Energetic electron observations in Earth's radiation belts are typically sparse and multi-point studies often rely on serendipitous conjunctions. This paper establishes the scientific utility of the Combined X-ray Dosimeter (CXD), currently flown on 19 satellites in the Global Positioning System (GPS) constellation, by cross-calibrating energetic electron measurements against data from the Van Allen Probes. By breaking our cross-calibration into two parts – one that removes any spectral assumptions from the CXD flux calculation, and one that compares the energy spectra – we first validate the modeled instrument response functions, then the calculated electron fluxes. Unlike previous forward modeling of energetic electron spectra we use a combination of four distributions that, together. . .
Date: 02/2016 Publisher: Space Weather DOI: 10.1002/2015SW001339 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2015SW001339
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Authors: Motoba T., Takahashi K., Ukhorskiy A., Gkioulidou M., Mitchell D G, et al.
Title: Link between pre-midnight second harmonic poloidal waves and auroral undulations: Conjugate observations with a Van Allen Probes spacecraft and a THEMIS all-sky imager
Abstract: We report, for the first time, an auroral undulation event on 1 May 2013 observed by an all-sky imager (ASI) at Athabasca (L = 4.6), Canada, for which in situ field and particle measurements in the conjugate magnetosphere were available from a Van Allen Probes spacecraft. The ASI observed a train of auroral undulation structures emerging spontaneously in the pre-midnight subauroral ionosphere, during the growth phase of a substorm. The undulations had an azimuthal wavelength of ~180 km and propagated westward at a speed of 3–4 km s−1. The successive passage over an observing point yielded quasi-periodic oscillations in diffuse auroral emissions with a period of ~40 s. The azimuthal wave number m of the auroral luminosity oscillations was found to be m ~ −103. During the event the spa. . .
Date: 02/2015 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2014JA020863 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2014JA020863
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Authors: Motoba T., Ohtani S, Anderson B J, Korth H., Mitchell D., et al.
Title: On the formation and origin of substorm growth phase/onset auroral arcs inferred from conjugate space-ground observations
Abstract: Magnetotail processes and structures related to substorm growth phase/onset auroral arcs remain poorly understood mostly due to the lack of adequate observations. In this study we make a comparison between ground-based optical measurements of the premidnight growth phase/onset arcs at subauroral latitudes and magnetically conjugate measurements made by the Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment (AMPERE) at ~780 km in altitude and by the Van Allen Probe B (RBSP-B) spacecraft crossing L values of ~5.0–5.6 in the premidnight inner tail region. The conjugate observations offer a unique opportunity to examine the detailed features of the arc location relative to large-scale Birkeland currents and of the magnetospheric counterpart. Our main findings include (1. . .
Date: 10/2015 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Pages: 8707 - 8722 DOI: 10.1002/jgra.v120.1010.1002/2015JA021676 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/jgra.v120.10http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2015JA021676http://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2F2015JA021676
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Authors: Motoba T., Ohtani S, Gkioulidou M., Ukhorskiy A., Mitchell D G, et al.
Title: Response of Different Ion Species to Local Magnetic Dipolarization Inside Geosynchronous Orbit
Abstract: This paper examines how hydrogen, helium and oxygen (H, He and O) ion fluxes at 1–1000 keV typically respond to local magnetic dipolarization inside geosynchronous orbit (GEO). We extracted 144 dipolarizations which occurred at magnetic inclination > 30° from the 2012–2016 tail seasons' observations of the Van Allen Probes spacecraft and then defined typical flux changes of these ion species by performing a superposed epoch analysis. On average, the dipolarization inside GEO is accompanied by a precursory transient decrease in the northward magnetic field component, transient impulsive enhancement in the westward electric field component, and decrease (increase) in the proton density (temperature). The coincident ion species experience an energy‐dependent flux change, consisting of . . .
Date: 06/2018 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1029/2018JA025557 Available at: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2018JA025557
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Authors: Mourenas D., Zhang X.-J., Artemyev A. V., Angelopoulos V, Thorne R M, et al.
Title: Electron nonlinear resonant interaction with short and intense parallel chorus wave-packets
Abstract: One of the major drivers of radiation belt dynamics, electron resonant interaction with whistler‐mode chorus waves, is traditionally described using the quasi‐linear diffusion approximation. Such a description satisfactorily explains many observed phenomena, but its applicability can be justified only for sufficiently low intensity, long duration waves. Recent spacecraft observations of a large number of very intense lower band chorus waves (with magnetic field amplitudes sometimes reaching ∼1% of the background) therefore challenge this traditional description, and call for an alternative approach when addressing the global, long‐term effects of the nonlinear interaction of these waves with radiation belt electrons. In this paper, we first use observations from the Van Allen Probe. . .
Date: 05/2018 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1029/2018JA025417 Available at: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2018JA025417
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Authors: Mourenas D., Artemyev A. V., and Agapitov O.V.
Title: Approximate analytical formulation of radial diffusion and whistler-induced losses from a pre-existing flux peak in the plasmasphere
Abstract: Modeling the spatio-temporal evolution of relativistic electron fluxes trapped in the Earth's radiation belts in the presence of radial diffusion coupled with wave-induced losses should address one important question: how deep can relativistic electrons penetrate into the inner magnetosphere? However, a full modelling requires extensive numerical simulations solving the comprehensive quasi-linear equations describing pitch-angle and radial diffusion of the electron distribution, making it rather difficult to perform parametric studies of the flux behavior. Here, we consider the particular situation where a localized flux peak (or storage ring) has been produced at low L < 4 during a period of strong disturbances, through a combination of chorus-induced energy diffusion (or direct injection. . .
Date: 08/2015 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2015JA021623 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2015JA021623
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Authors: Moya Pablo. S., Pinto Víctor A., Viñas Adolfo F., Sibeck David G., Kurth William S., et al.
Title: Weak Kinetic Alfvén Waves Turbulence during the November 14th 2012 geomagnetic storm: Van Allen Probes observations
Abstract: n the dawn sector, L~ 5.5 and MLT~4-7, from 01:30 to 06:00 UT during the November 14th 2012 geomagnetic storm, both Van Allen Probes observed an alternating sequence of locally quiet and disturbed intervals with two strikingly different power fluctuation levels and magnetic field orientations: either small (~10−2 nT2) total power with strong GSM Bx and weak By, or large (~10 nT2) total power with weak Bx, and strong By and Bz components. During both kinds of intervals the fluctuations occur in the vicinity of the local ion gyro-frequencies (0.01-10 Hz) in the spacecraft frame, propagate oblique to the magnetic field, (θ ~ 60°) and have magnetic compressibility C = |δB|||/|δB⊥| ∼ 1, where δB|| (δB⊥) are the average amplitudes of the fluctuations parallel (perpendicular) to the. . .
Date: 06/2015 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2014JA020281 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2014JA020281
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Authors: Moya Pablo. S., Pinto íctor A., Sibeck David G., Kanekal Shrikanth G, and Baker Daniel N
Title: On the effect of geomagnetic storms on relativistic electrons in the outer radiation belt: Van Allen Probes observations
Abstract: Using Van Allen Probes ECT-REPT observations we performed a statistical study on the effect of geomagnetic storms on relativistic electrons fluxes in the outer radiation belt for 78 storms between September 2012 and June 2016. We found that the probability of enhancement, depletion and no change in flux values depends strongly on L and energy. Enhancement events are more common for ∼ 2 MeV electrons at L ∼ 5, and the number of enhancement events decreases with increasing energy at any given L shell. However, considering the percentage of occurrence of each kind of event, enhancements are more probable at higher energies, and the probability of enhancement tends to increases with increasing L shell. Depletion are more probable for 4-5 MeV electrons at the heart of the outer radiation be. . .
Date: 10/2017 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2017JA024735 Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2017JA024735/full
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Authors: Mozer F S, Agapitov O. V., Blake J B, and Vasko I. Y.
Title: SIMULTANEOUS OBSERVATIONS OF LOWER BAND CHORUS EMISSIONS AT THE EQUATOR AND MICROBURST PRECIPITATING ELECTRONS IN THE IONOSPHERE
Abstract: On December 11, 2016 at 00:12:30 UT, Van Allen Probe-B, at the equator and near midnight, and AC6-B, in the ionosphere, were on magnetic field lines whose 100 km altitude foot points were separated by 600 km. Van Allen Probe-B observed a 30 second burst of lower band chorus waves (with maximum amplitudes >1 nT) at the same time that AC6-B observed intense microburst electrons in the loss cone. One-second averaged variations of the chorus intensity and the microburst electron flux were well-correlated. The low altitude electron flux expected from quasi-linear diffusion of the equatorial electrons by the equatorial chorus is in excellent agreement with the observed, one second averaged, low altitude electron flux. However the large amplitude, <0.5 second duration, low altitude electron pulse. . .
Date: 12/2017 Publisher: Geophysical Research Letters DOI: 10.1002/2017GL076120 Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2017GL076120/full
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Authors: Mozer F S, Hull A., Lejosne S., and Vasko I. Y.
Title: Reply to Comment by Nishimura Et Al.
Abstract: Nishimura et al. (2010, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1193186, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JA016876, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JA018242, and in their comment, hereafter called N18) have suggested that chorus waves interact with equatorial electrons to produce pulsating auroras. We agree that chorus can scatter electrons >10 keV, as do Time Domain Structures (TDSs). Lower‐energy electrons occurring in pulsating auroras cannot be produced by chorus, but such electrons are scattered and accelerated by TDS. TDSs often occur with chorus and have power in their spectra at chorus frequencies. Thus, the absence of power at low frequencies is not evidence that TDSs are absent, as an example shows. Through examination of equatorial electric field waveforms and electron pitch angle . . .
Date: 03/2018 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2018JA025218 Available at: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2018JA025218
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Authors: Mozer F S, Agapitov O. V., Hull A., Lejosne S., and Vasko I. Y.
Title: Pulsating auroras produced by interactions of electrons and time domain structures
Abstract: Previous evidence has suggested that either lower band chorus waves or kinetic Alfven waves scatter equatorial kilovolt electrons that propagate to lower altitudes where they precipitate or undergo further low-altitude scattering to make pulsating auroras. Recently, time domain structures (TDSs) were shown, both theoretically and experimentally, to efficiently scatter equatorial electrons. To assess the relative importance of these three mechanisms for production of pulsating auroras, 11 intervals of equatorial THEMIS data and a 4 h interval of Van Allen Probe measurements have been analyzed. During these events, lower band chorus waves produced only negligible modifications of the equatorial electron distributions. During the several TDS events, the equatorial 0.1–3 keV electrons became. . .
Date: 08/2017 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2017JA024223 Available at: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2017JA024223/full
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Authors: Mozer F, Bale S., Bonnell J W, Chaston C., Roth I, et al.
Title: Megavolt Parallel Potentials Arising from Double-Layer Streams in the Earth’s Outer Radiation Belt
Abstract: Huge numbers of double layers carrying electric fields parallel to the local magnetic field line have been observed on the Van Allen probes in connection with in situ relativistic electron acceleration in the Earth’s outer radiation belt. For one case with adequate high time resolution data, 7000 double layers were observed in an interval of 1 min to produce a 230 000 V net parallel potential drop crossing the spacecraft. Lower resolution data show that this event lasted for 6 min and that more than 1 000 000 volts of net parallel potential crossed the spacecraft during this time. A double layer traverses the length of a magnetic field line in about 15 s and the orbital motion of the spacecraft perpendicular to the magnetic field was about 700 km during this 6 min interval. Thus, t. . .
Date: 12/2013 Publisher: Physical Review Letters DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.235002 Available at: http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.235002
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Authors: Mozer S., Agapitov O., Krasnoselskikh V., Lejosne S., Reeves D., et al.
Title: Direct Observation of Radiation-Belt Electron Acceleration from Electron-Volt Energies to Megavolts by Nonlinear Whistlers
Abstract: The mechanisms for accelerating electrons from thermal to relativistic energies in the terrestrial magnetosphere, on the sun, and in many astrophysical environments have never been verified. We present the first direct observation of two processes that, in a chain, cause this acceleration in Earth’s outer radiation belt. The two processes are parallel acceleration from electron-volt to kilovolt energies by parallel electric fields in time-domain structures (TDS), after which the parallel electron velocity becomes sufficiently large for Doppler-shifted upper band whistler frequencies to be in resonance with the electron gyration frequency, even though the electron energies are kilovolts and not hundreds of kilovolts. The electrons are then accelerated by the whistler perpendicular electri. . .
Date: 07/2014 Publisher: Physical Review Letters DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.035001 Available at: http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.035001
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Authors: Mozer F S, Artemyev A., Agapitov O. V., Mourenas D., and Vasko I.
Title: Near-Relativistic Electron Acceleration by Landau Trapping in Time Domain Structures
Abstract: Data from the Van Allen Probes have provided the first extensive evidence of nonlinear (as opposed to quasi-linear) wave-particle interactions in space with the associated rapid (less than a bounce period) electron acceleration to hundreds of keV by Landau resonance in the parallel electric field of time domain structures (TDSs) traveling at high speeds (~20,000 km/s). This observational evidence is supported by simulations and discussion of the source and spatial extent of the fast TDS. This result indicates the possibility that the electrostatic fields in TDS may generate the electron seed population for cyclotron resonance interaction with chorus waves to make higher-energy electrons.
Date: 01/2016 Publisher: Geophysical Research Letters DOI: 10.1002/2015GL067316 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2015GL067316
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Authors: Murphy Kyle R., Inglis Andrew R., Sibeck David G., Rae Jonathan, Watt Clare E. J., et al.
Title: Determining the mode, frequency, and azimuthal wave number of ULF waves during a HSS and moderate geomagnetic storm
Abstract: Ultra‐low frequency (ULF) waves play a fundamental role in the dynamics of the inner‐magnetosphere and outer radiation belt during geomagnetic storms. Broadband ULF wave power can transport energetic electrons via radial diffusion and discrete ULF wave power can energize electrons through a resonant interaction. Using observations from the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission, we characterize the evolution of ULF waves during a high‐speed solar wind stream (HSS) and moderate geomagnetic storm while there is an enhancement of the outer radiation belt. The Automated Flare Inference of Oscillations (AFINO) code is used to distinguish discrete ULF wave power from broadband wave power during the HSS. During periods of discrete wave power and utilizing the close separation of the MMS sp. . .
Date: 05/2018 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1029/2017JA024877 Available at: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2017JA024877
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Authors: Murphy Kyle R., Watt C. E. J., Mann Ian R., Rae Jonathan, Sibeck David G., et al.
Title: The global statistical response of the outer radiation belt during geomagnetic storms
Abstract: Using the total radiation belt electron content calculated from Van Allen Probe phase space density (PSD), the time‐dependent and global response of the outer radiation belt during storms is statistically studied. Using PSD reduces the impacts of adiabatic changes in the main phase, allowing a separation of adiabatic and non‐adiabatic effects, and revealing a clear modality and repeatable sequence of events in storm‐time radiation belt electron dynamics. This sequence exhibits an important first adiabatic invariant (μ) dependent behaviour in the seed (150 MeV/G), relativistic (1000 MeV/G), and ultra‐relativistic (4000 MeV/G) populations. The outer radiation belt statistically shows an initial phase dominated by loss followed by a second phase of rapid acceleration, whilst the seed. . .
Date: 04/2018 Publisher: Geophysical Research Letters DOI: 10.1002/2017GL076674 Available at: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2017GL076674
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Authors: Nakamura S., Omura Y., and Summers D.
Title: Fine structure of whistler-mode hiss in plasmaspheric plumes observed by the Van Allen Probes
Abstract: We survey 3 years (2013‐2015) of data from the Van Allen Probes related to plasmaspheric plume crossing events. We detect 194 plume crossing events, and we find that 97% of the plumes are accompanied by VLF hiss emissions. The plumes are mainly detected on the duskside or dayside. Careful examination of the hiss spectra reveals that all hiss emissions consist of obvious fine structure. Application of a band pass filter reveals that the fine structure is consistent with the occurrence of discrete wave packets. The hiss data display high coherency. The events are classified by location. Dusk side hiss and night side hiss tend to have extremely high polarization with no chorus at the high‐frequency end of the dynamic spectrum. The dusk side hiss has a distinct upper frequency limit. On th. . .
Date: 10/2018 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1029/2018JA025803 Available at: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2018JA025803
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Authors: Nakamura Satoko, Omura Yoshiharu, Summers Danny, and Kletzing Craig A.
Title: Observational evidence of the nonlinear wave growth theory of plasmaspheric hiss
Abstract: We test the recently developed nonlinear wave growth theory of plasmaspheric hiss against discrete rising tone elements of hiss emissions observed by the Van Allen Probes. From the phase variation of the waveforms processed by bandpass filters, we calculate the instantaneous frequencies and wave amplitudes. We obtain the theoretical relation between the wave amplitude and frequency sweep rates at the observation point by applying the convective growth rates and dispersion factors to the known relation at the equator. By plotting the theoretical relation over scatterplots of the wave amplitudes and the frequency sweep rates for rising tone elements, we find good agreement between the hiss observations and the nonlinear theory. We also find that the duration periods of the hiss elements are . . .
Date: 09/2016 Publisher: Geophysical Research Letters DOI: 10.1002/2016GL070333 Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016GL070333/full
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Authors: Nakayama Y., Ebihara Y., Ohtani S, Gkioulidou M., Takahashi K., et al.
Title: Void structure of O + ions in the inner magnetosphere observed by the Van Allen Probes
Abstract: The Van Allen Probes Helium Oxygen Proton Electron instrument observed a new type of enhancement of O+ ions in the inner magnetosphere during substorms. As the satellite moved outward in the premidnight sector, the flux of the O+ ions with energy ~10 keV appeared first in the energy-time spectrograms. Then, the enhancement of the flux spread toward high and low energies. The enhanced flux of the O+ ions with the highest energy remained, whereas the flux of the ions with lower energy vanished near apogee, forming what we call the void structure. The structure cannot be found in the H+ spectrogram. We studied the generation mechanism of this structure by using numerical simulation. We traced the trajectories of O+ ions in the electric and magnetic fields from the global magnetohydrodynamic. . .
Date: 11/2016 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2016JA023013 Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016JA023013/full
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Authors: Ni Binbin, Zou Zhengyang, Fu Song, Cao Xing, Gu Xudong, et al.
Title: Resonant Scattering of Radiation Belt Electrons by Off-Equatorial Magnetosonic Waves
Abstract: Fast magnetosonic (MS) waves are commonly regarded as electromagnetic waves that are characteristically confined within ±3° of the geomagnetic equator. We report two typical off-equatorial MS events observed by Van Allen Probes, that is, the 8 May 2014 event that occurred at the geomagnetic latitudes of 7.5°–9.2° both inside and outside the plasmasphere with the wave amplitude up to 590 pT and the 9 January 2014 event that occurred at the latitudes of—(15.7°–17.5°) outside the plasmasphere with a smaller amplitude about 81 pT. Detailed test particle simulations quantify the electron resonant scattering rates by the off-equatorial MS waves to find that they can cause the pitch angle scattering and momentum diffusion of radiation belt electrons with equatorial pitch angles < ~75. . .
Date: 02/2018 Publisher: Geophysical Research Letters Pages: 1228 - 1236 DOI: 10.1002/grl.v45.310.1002/2017GL075788 Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2017GL075788/full
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Authors: Ni Binbin, Zou Zhengyang, Gu Xudong, Zhou Chen, Thorne Richard M, et al.
Title: Variability of the pitch angle distribution of radiation belt ultra-relativistic electrons during and following intense geomagnetic storms: Van Allen Probes observations
Abstract: Fifteen months of pitch angle resolved Van Allen Probes REPT measurements of differential electron flux are analyzed to investigate the characteristic variability of the pitch angle distribution (PAD) of radiation belt ultra-relativistic (>2 MeV) electrons during storm conditions and during the long-term post-storm decay. By modeling the ultra-relativistic electron pitch angle distribution as sinn α, where α is the equatorial pitch angle, we examine the spatio-temporal variations of the n-value. The results show that in general n-values increase with the level of geomagnetic activity. In principle, ultra-relativistic electrons respond to geomagnetic storms by becoming more peaked at 90° pitch angle with n-values of 2–3 as a supportive signature of chorus acceleration outside the pla. . .
Date: 05/2015 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2015JA021065 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2015JA021065
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Authors: Ni Binbin, Li Wen, Thorne Richard M, Bortnik Jacob, Ma Qianli, et al.
Title: Resonant scattering of energetic electrons by unusual low-frequency hiss
Abstract: We quantify the resonant scattering effects of the unusual low-frequency dawnside plasmaspheric hiss observed on 30 September 2012 by the Van Allen Probes. In contrast to normal (~100–2000 Hz) hiss emissions, this unusual hiss event contained most of its wave power at ~20–200 Hz. Compared to the scattering by normal hiss, the unusual hiss scattering speeds up the loss of ~50–200 keV electrons and produces more pronounced pancake distributions of ~50–100 keV electrons. It is demonstrated that such unusual low-frequency hiss, even with a duration of a couple of hours, plays a particularly important role in the decay and loss process of energetic electrons, resulting in shorter electron lifetimes for ~50–400 keV electrons than normal hiss, and should be carefully incorpora. . .
Date: 03/2014 Publisher: Geophysical Research Letters Pages: 1854 - 1861 DOI: 10.1002/2014GL059389 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2014GL059389
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Authors: Ni Binbin, Bortnik Jacob, Thorne Richard M, Ma Qianli, and Chen Lunjin
Title: Resonant scattering and resultant pitch angle evolution of relativistic electrons by plasmaspheric hiss
Abstract: We perform a comprehensive analysis to evaluate hiss-induced scattering effect on the pitch angle evolution and associated decay processes of relativistic electrons. The results show that scattering by the equatorial, highly oblique hiss component is negligible. Quasi-parallel approximation is good for evaluation of hiss-driven electron scattering rates ≤ 2 MeV. However, realistic wave propagation angles as a function of latitude must be considered to accurately quantify hiss scattering rates above 2 MeV, and ambient plasma density is also a critical parameter. While the first-order cyclotron and the Landau resonances are dominant for hiss scattering < 2 MeV electrons, higher-order resonances become important and even dominant at intermediate pitch angles for ultrarelativistic (≥. . .
Date: 12/2013 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Pages: 7740 - 7751 DOI: 10.1002/2013JA019260 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2013JA019260
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Authors: Ni Binbin, Zou Zhengyang, Li Xinlin, Bortnik Jacob, Xie Lun, et al.
Title: Occurrence Characteristics of Outer Zone Relativistic Electron Butterfly Distribution: A Survey of Van Allen Probes REPT Measurements
Abstract: Using Van Allen Probes REPT pitch angle resolved electron flux data from September 2012 to March 2015, we investigate in detail the global occurrence pattern of equatorial (|λ| ≤ 3°) butterfly distribution of outer zone relativistic electrons and its potential correlation with the solar wind dynamic pressure. The statistical results demonstrate that these butterfly distributions occur with the highest occurrence rate ~ 80% at ~ 20 – 04 MLT and L > ~ 5.5 and with the second peak (> ~ 50 %) at ~ 11 – 15 MLT of lower L-shells ~ 4.0. They can also extend to L = 3.5 and to other MLT intervals but with the occurrence rates predominantly < ~25%. It is further shown that outer zone relativistic electron butterfly distributions are likely to peak between . . .
Date: 05/2016 Publisher: Geophysical Research Letters DOI: 10.1002/2016GL069350 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2016GL069350
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Authors: Nishi Katsuki, Shiokawa Kazuo, and Spence Harlan
Title: Magnetospheric source region of auroral finger-like structures observed by the RBSP-A satellite
Abstract: Auroral finger‐like structures appear equatorward of the auroral oval in the diffuse auroral region and contribute to the auroral fragmentation into patches. A previous report of the first conjugate observation of auroral finger‐like structures using a THEMIS GBO camera and the THEMIS‐E satellite at a radial distance of ∼8 RE showed anti‐phase oscillations of magnetic and plasma pressures in the dawnside plasma sheet. In the present study, we report another simultaneous observation of auroral finger‐like structures at Gillam, Canada at ∼0900 UT (0230 magnetic local time) on November 14, 2014 with the RBSP satellites at 5.8 RE in the inner magnetosphere. From this simultaneous observation event, we obtained the following observations. (1) Auroral finger‐like structures devel. . .
Date: 08/2018 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1029/2018JA025480 Available at: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2018JA025480
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Authors: Noh Sung-Jun, Lee Dae-Young, Choi Cheong-Rim, Kim Hyomin, and Skoug Ruth
Title: Test of Ion Cyclotron Resonance Instability Using Proton Distributions Obtained From Van Allen Probe-A Observations
Abstract: Anisotropic velocity distributions of protons have long been considered as free energy sources for exciting electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves in the Earth's magnetosphere. Here we rigorously calculated the proton anisotropy parameter using proton data obtained from Van Allen Probe‐A observations. The calculations are performed for times during EMIC wave events (distinguishing the times immediately after and before EMIC wave onsets) and for times exhibiting no EMIC waves. We find that the anisotropy values are often larger immediately after EMIC wave onsets than the times just before EMIC wave onsets and the non‐EMIC wave times. The increase in anisotropy immediately after the EMIC wave onsets is rather small but discernible, such that the average increase is by ~15% relative t. . .
Date: 08/2018 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1029/2018JA025385 Available at: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2018JA025385
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Authors: Nosé M., Oimatsu S., Keika K, Kletzing C A, Kurth W S, et al.
Title: Formation of the oxygen torus in the inner magnetosphere: Van Allen Probes observations
Abstract: We study the formation process of an oxygen torus during the 12–15 November 2012 magnetic storm, using the magnetic field and plasma wave data obtained by Van Allen Probes. We estimate the local plasma mass density (ρL) and the local electron number density (neL) from the resonant frequencies of standing Alfvén waves and the upper hybrid resonance band. The average ion mass (M) can be calculated by M ∼ ρL/neL under the assumption of quasi-neutrality of plasma. During the storm recovery phase, both Probe A and Probe B observe the oxygen torus at L = 3.0–4.0 and L = 3.7–4.5, respectively, on the morning side. The oxygen torus has M = 4.5–8 amu and extends around the plasmapause that is identified at L∼3.2–3.9. We find that during the initial phase, M is 4–7 amu throughout . . .
Date: 02/2015 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2014JA020593 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2014JA020593
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Authors: O'Brien T.P., Claudepierre S.G., Looper M.D., Blake J.B., Fennell J.F., et al.
Title: On the use of drift echoes to characterize on-orbit sensor discrepancies
Abstract: We describe a method for using drift echo signatures in on-orbit data to resolve discrepancies between different measurements of particle flux. The drift period has a well-defined energy dependence, which gives rise to time dispersion of the echoes. The dispersion can then be used to determine the effective energy for one or more channels given each channel's drift period and the known energy for a reference channel. We demonstrate this technique on multiple instruments from the Van Allen probes mission. Drift echoes are only easily observed at high energies (100s keV to multiple MeV), where several drift periods occur before the observing satellite has moved on or the global magnetic conditions have changed. We describe a first-order correction for spacecraft motion. The drift echo techni. . .
Date: 02/2015 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2014JA020859 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2014JA020859
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Authors: O'Brien T P, Claudepierre S G, Blake J B, Fennell J. F., Clemmons J. H., et al.
Title: An empirically observed pitch-angle diffusion eigenmode in the Earth's electron belt near L *  = 5.0
Abstract: Using data from NASA's Van Allen Probes, we have identified a synchronized exponential decay of electron flux in the outer zone, near L* = 5.0. Exponential decays strongly indicate the presence of a pure eigenmode of a diffusion operator acting in the synchronized dimension(s). The decay has a time scale of about 4 days with no dependence on pitch angle. While flux at nearby energies and L* is also decaying exponentially, the decay time varies in those dimensions. This suggests the primary decay mechanism is elastic pitch angle scattering, which itself depends on energy and L*. We invert the shape of the observed eigenmode to obtain an approximate shape of the pitch angle diffusion coefficient and show excellent agreement with diffusion by plasmaspheric hiss. Our results suggest that e. . .
Date: 01/2014 Publisher: Geophysical Research Letters Pages: 251 - 258 DOI: 10.1002/2013GL058713 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2013GL058713
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Authors: O'Brien T P, Mazur J E, and Looper M D
Title: Solar Energetic Proton Access to the Magnetosphere During the 10–14 September 2017 Particle Event
Abstract: We explore the penetration of >60 MeV protons into the magnetosphere during the 10–14 September 2017 solar energetic particle event. Solar energetic particles can cause single event effects and total dose degradation in spacecraft electronics. Therefore, it is important for satellite anomaly analysis to understand how deep into the magnetosphere these particles penetrate. Whereas most studies of geomagnetic cutoffs use low‐altitude data, we use data from the Relativistic Proton Spectrometer on National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Van Allen Probes, which is in a high‐altitude, elliptical orbit. We determine how the penetration depends on particle energy, location, and direction of incidence. We evaluate multiple published models of the geomagnetic cutoff to determine how we. . .
Date: 08/2018 Publisher: Space Weather DOI: 10.1029/2018SW001960 Available at: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2018SW001960
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Authors: O'Brien T P, Claudepierre S G, Guild T B, Fennell J. F., Turner D. L., et al.
Title: Inner zone and slot electron radial diffusion revisited
Abstract: Using recent data from NASA's Van Allen Probes, we estimate the quiet time radial diffusion coefficients for electrons in the inner radiation belt (L < 3) with energies from ~50 to 750 keV. The observations are consistent with dynamics dominated by pitch angle scattering and radial diffusion. We use a coordinate system in which these two modes of diffusion are separable. Then we integrate phase space density over pitch angle to obtain a “bundle content” that is invariant to pitch angle scattering, except for atmospheric loss. We estimate the effective radial diffusion coefficient from the temporal and radial variation of the bundle content. We show that our diffusion coefficients agree well with previously determined values obtained in the 1960s and 1970s and follow the form one . . .
Date: 07/2016 Publisher: Geophysical Research Letters Pages: 7301 - 7310 DOI: 10.1002/2016GL069749 Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016GL069749/full
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Authors: Ohtani S, Motoba T., Gkioulidou M., Takahashi K., and Singer H J
Title: Spatial Development of the Dipolarization Region in the Inner Magnetosphere
Abstract: The present study examines dipolarization events observed by the Van Allen Probes within 5.8 RE from Earth. It is found that the probability of occurrence is significantly higher in the dusk‐to‐midnight sector than in the midnight‐to‐dawn sector, and it deceases sharply earthward. A comparison with observations made at nearby satellites shows that dipolarization signatures are often highly correlated (c.c. > 0.8) within 1 hr in MLT and 1 RE in RXY, and the dipolarization region expands earthward and westward in the dusk‐to‐midnight sector. The westward expansion velocity is estimated at 0.4 hr (in MLT) per minute, or 60 km/s, which is consistent with the previously reported result for geosynchronous dipolarization. The earthward expansion is apparently less systematic than the . . .
Date: 06/2018 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1029/2018JA025443 Available at: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2018JA025443
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Authors: Oimatsu S., é M., Takahashi K., Yamamoto K., Keika K, et al.
Title: Van Allen Probes observations of drift-bounce resonance and energy transfer between energetic ring current protons and poloidal Pc4 wave
Abstract: A poloidal Pc4 wave and proton flux oscillations are observed in the inner magnetosphere on the dayside near the magnetic equator by the Van Allen Probes spacecraft on 2 March 2014. The flux oscillations are observed in the energy range of 67.0 keV to 268.8 keV with the same frequency of the poloidal Pc4 wave. We find pitch angle and energy dispersion in the phase difference between the poloidal magnetic field and the proton flux oscillations, which are features of drift‐bounce resonance. We estimate the resonance energy to be ~120 keV for pitch angle (α) of 30° or 150°, and 170–180 keV for α = 50° or 130°. To examine the direction of energy flow between protons and the wave, we calculate the sign of the gradient of proton phase space density (df/dW) on both the inbound and outbo. . .
Date: 04/2018 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1029/2017JA025087 Available at: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2017JA025087
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Authors: Olifer L., Mann I. R., Morley S. K., Ozeke L. G., and Choi D.
Title: On the role of last closed drift shell dynamics in driving fast losses and Van Allen radiation belt extinction
Abstract: We present observations of very fast radiation belt loss as resolved using high‐time resolution electron flux data from the constellation of Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites. The timescale of these losses is revealed to be as short as ∼0.5 − 2 hours during intense magnetic storms, with some storms demonstrating almost total loss on these timescales and which we characterize as radiation belt extinction. The intense March 2013 and March 2015 storms both show such fast extinction, with a rapid recovery, while the September 2014 storm shows fast extinction but no recovery for around two weeks. By contrast, the moderate September 2012 storm which generated a three radiation belt morphology shows more gradual loss. We compute the last closed drift shell (LCDS) for each of these . . .
Date: 04/2018 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1029/2018JA025190 Available at: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2018JA025190
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Authors: Omura Yoshiharu, Hsieh Yi‐Kai, Foster John C., Erickson Philip J., Kletzing Craig A., et al.
Title: Cyclotron Acceleration of Relativistic Electrons Through Landau Resonance With Obliquely Propagating Whistler‐Mode Chorus Emissions
Abstract: Efficient acceleration of relativistic electrons at Landau resonance with obliquely propagating whistler‐mode chorus emissions is confirmed by theory, simulation, and observation. The acceleration is due to the perpendicular component of the wave electric field. We first review theoretical analysis of nonlinear motion of resonant electrons interacting with obliquely propagating whistler‐mode chorus. We have derived formulae of inhomogeneity factors for Landau and cyclotron resonances to analyze nonlinear wave trapping of energetic electrons by an obliquely propagating chorus element. We performed test particle simulations to confirm that nonlinear wave trapping by both Landau and cyclotron resonances can take place for a wide range of energies. For an element of large amplitude chorus . . .
Date: 04/2019 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1029/2018JA026374 Available at: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2018JA026374
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Authors: Orlova Ksenia, Shprits Yuri, and Spasojevic Maria
Title: New global loss model of energetic and relativistic electrons based on Van Allen Probes measurements
Abstract: Energetic electron observations in Earth's radiation belts are typically sparse and multi-point studies often rely on serendipitous conjunctions. This paper establishes the scientific utility of the Combined X-ray Dosimeter (CXD), currently flown on 19 satellites in the Global Positioning System (GPS) constellation, by cross-calibrating energetic electron measurements against data from the Van Allen Probes. By breaking our cross-calibration into two parts – one that removes any spectral assumptions from the CXD flux calculation, and one that compares the energy spectra – we first validate the modeled instrument response functions, then the calculated electron fluxes. Unlike previous forward modeling of energetic electron spectra we use a combination of four distributions that, together. . .
Date: 02/2016 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2015JA021878 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2015JA021878
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Authors: Osmane Adnane, III Lynn B. Wilson, Blum Lauren, and Pulkkinen Tuija I.
Title: On the Connection Between Microbursts and Nonlinear Electronic Structures in Planetary Radiation Belts
Abstract: Using a dynamical-system approach, we have investigated the efficiency of large-amplitude whistler waves for causing microburst precipitation in planetary radiation belts by modeling the microburst energy and particle fluxes produced as a result of nonlinear wave–particle interactions. We show that wave parameters, consistent with large-amplitude oblique whistlers, can commonly generate microbursts of electrons with hundreds of keV-energies as a result of Landau trapping. Relativistic microbursts (>1 MeV) can also be generated by a similar mechanism, but require waves with large propagation angles ${\theta }_{{kB}}\gt 50^\circ$ and phase-speeds ${v}_{{\rm{\Phi }}}\geqslant c/9$. Using our result for precipitating density and energy fluxes, we argue that holes in the distribution functio. . .
Date: 01/2016 Publisher: The Astrophysical Journal Pages: 51 DOI: 10.3847/0004-637X/816/2/51 Available at: http://stacks.iop.org/0004-637X/816/i=2/a=51?key=crossref.70d237eeae19ada88cf791dd9ba676be
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Authors: Oyama S., Kero A., Rodger C. J., Clilverd M A, Miyoshi Y, et al.
Title: Energetic electron precipitation and auroral morphology at the substorm recovery phase
Abstract: It is well known that auroral patterns at the substorm recovery phase are characterized by diffuse or patch structures with intensity pulsation. According to satellite measurements and simulation studies, the precipitating electrons associated with these aurorae can reach or exceed energies of a few hundreds of keV through resonant wave-particle interactions in the magnetosphere. However, because of difficulty of simultaneous measurements, the dependency of energetic electron precipitation (EEP) on auroral morphological changes in the mesoscale has not been investigated to date. In order to study this dependency, we have analyzed data from the European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT) radar, the Kilpisjärvi Atmospheric Imaging Receiver Array (KAIRA) riometer, collocated cameras, ground-based m. . .
Date: 05/2017 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2016JA023484 Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016JA023484/full
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Authors: Ozaki M., Shiokawa K., Miyoshi Y, Kataoka R., Yagitani S., et al.
Title: Fast modulations of pulsating proton aurora related to subpacket structures of Pc1 geomagnetic pulsations at subauroral latitudes
Abstract: To understand the role of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves in determining the temporal features of pulsating proton aurora (PPA) via wave-particle interactions at subauroral latitudes, high-time-resolution (1/8 s) images of proton-induced N2+ emissions were recorded using a new electron multiplying charge-coupled device camera, along with related Pc1 pulsations on the ground. The observed Pc1 pulsations consisted of successive rising-tone elements with a spacing for each element of 100 s and subpacket structures, which manifest as amplitude modulations with a period of a few tens of seconds. In accordance with the temporal features of the Pc1 pulsations, the auroral intensity showed a similar repetition period of 100 s and an unpredicted fast modulation of a few tens of sec. . .
Date: 08/2016 Publisher: Geophysical Research Letters Pages: 7859 - 7866 DOI: 10.1002/2016GL070008 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2016GL070008
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Authors: Ozeke L. G., Mann I. R., Claudepierre S G, Henderson M., Morley S. K., et al.
Title: The March 2015 Superstorm Revisited: Phase Space Density Profiles and Fast ULF Wave Diffusive Transport
Abstract: We present the temporal evolution of electron Phase Space Density (PSD) in the outer radiation belt during the intense March 2015 geomagnetic storm. Comparing observed PSD profiles as a function of L* at fixed first, M, and second, K, adiabatic invariants with those produced by simulations is critical for determining the physical processes responsible for the outer radiation belt dynamics. Here we show that the bulk of the accelerated and enhanced outer radiation belt population consists of electrons with K < 0.17 G1/2Re. For these electrons, the observed PSD versus L* profiles during the recovery phase of the storm have a positive radial gradient. We compare the observed temporal evolution of the PSD profiles during the recovery phase with those produced by radial diffusion simulations dr. . .
Date: 01/2019 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1029/2018JA026326 Available at: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2018JA026326
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Authors: Ozeke Louis G., Mann Ian R., Murphy Kyle R., Sibeck David G., and Baker Daniel N
Title: Ultra-relativistic radiation belt extinction and ULF wave radial diffusion: Modeling the September 2014 extended dropout event
Abstract: In September 2014 an unusually long-lasting (≳10 days) ultra-relativistic electron flux depletion occurred in the outer radiation belt despite ongoing solar wind forcing. We simulate this period using a ULF wave radial diffusion model, driven by observed ULF wave power coupled to flux variations at the outer boundary at L* = 5, including empirical electron loss models due to chorus and hiss wave scattering. Our results show that unexplained rapid main phase loss, that depletes the belt within hours, is essential to explain the observations. Such ultra-relativistic electron extinction decouples the prestorm and poststorm fluxes, revealing the subsequent belt dynamics to be surprisingly independent of prestorm flux. However, once this extinction is included, ULF wave transport and co. . .
Date: 03/2017 Publisher: Geophysical Research Letters DOI: 10.1002/2017GL072811 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2017GL072811
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Authors: Pandya Megha, Veenadhari B., Ebihara Y., Kanekal S.G., and Baker D.N.
Title: Variation of Radiation belt electron flux during CME and CIR driven geomagnetic storms: Van Allen Probes observations
Abstract: Relativistic electron flux responses in the inner magnetosphere are investigated for 28 magnetic storms driven by Corotating Interaction Region (CIR) and 27 magnetic storms driven by Coronal Mass Ejection (CME), using data from the Relativistic Electron‐Proton Telescope (REPT) instrument on board Van‐Allen Probes from Oct‐2012 to May‐2017. In this present study we analyze the role of CIRs and CMEs in electron dynamics by sorting the electron fluxes in terms of averaged solar wind parameters, L‐values, and energies. The major outcomes from our study are: (i) At L = 3 and E = 3.4 MeV, for >70% cases the electron flux remains stable, while at L = 5, for ~82% cases it changes with the geomagnetic conditions. (ii) At L = 5, ~53% of the CIR storms and 30% of the CME storms show electro. . .
Date: 07/2019 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1029/2019JA026771 Available at: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2019JA026771
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Authors: Paral J., Hudson M K, Kress B T, Wiltberger M. J., Wygant J R, et al.
Title: Magnetohydrodynamic modeling of three Van Allen Probes storms in 2012 and 2013
Abstract: Coronal mass ejection (CME)-shock compression of the dayside magnetopause has been observed to cause both prompt enhancement of radiation belt electron flux due to inward radial transport of electrons conserving their first adiabatic invariant and prompt losses which at times entirely eliminate the outer zone. Recent numerical studies suggest that enhanced ultra-low frequency (ULF) wave activity is necessary to explain electron losses deeper inside the magnetosphere than magnetopause incursion following CME-shock arrival. A combination of radial transport and magnetopause shadowing can account for losses observed at radial distances into L = 4.5, well within the computed magnetopause location. We compare ULF wave power from the Electric Field and Waves (EFW) electric field instrument on th. . .
Date: 08/2015 Publisher: Annales Geophysicae Pages: 1037 - 1050 DOI: 10.5194/angeo-33-1037-2015 Available at: http://www.ann-geophys.net/33/1037/2015/angeo-33-1037-2015.pdf
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Authors: Patel Maulik, Li Zhao, Hudson Mary, Claudepierre Seth, and Wygant John
Title: Simulation of Prompt Acceleration of Radiation Belt Electrons During the 16 July 2017 Storm
Abstract: We investigate the prompt enhancement of radiation belt electron flux observed by the Relativistic Electron Proton Telescope instrument on board Van Allen Probes following the 16 July 2017 CME‐shock compression using MHD‐test particle simulations. The prompt enhancements can be explained by the source population interacting with the azimuthally directed electric field impulses induced by CME‐shock compressions of the dayside magnetopause. Electrons in drift resonance with the electric field impulse were accelerated by ∼ 0.6 MeV on a drift period timescale (in minutes) as the impulse propagated from the dayside to the nightside around the flanks of the magnetosphere. MHD test particle simulation of energization and drift phase bunching, due to the bipolar electric field that accompa. . .
Date: 06/2019 Publisher: Geophysical Research Letters DOI: 10.1029/2019GL083257 Available at: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2019GL083257
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Authors: Paulson K. W., Smith C W, Lessard M. R., Engebretson M. J., Torbert R B, et al.
Title: In situ observations of Pc1 pearl pulsations by the Van Allen Probes
Abstract: We present in situ observations of Pc1 pearl pulsations using the Van Allen Probes. These waves are often observed using ground-based magnetometers, but are rarely observed by orbiting satellites. With the Van Allen Probes, we have seen at least 14 different pearl pulsation events during the first year of operations. These new in situ measurements allow us to identify the wave classification based on local magnetic field conditions. Additionally, by using two spacecraft, we are able to observe temporal changes in the region of observation. The waves appear to be generated at an overall central frequency, as often observed on the ground, and change polarization from left- to right-handedness as they propagate into a region where they are resonant with the crossover frequency (where R- and L. . .
Date: 04/2014 Publisher: Geophysical Research Letters Pages: 1823 - 1829 DOI: 10.1002/2013GL059187 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2013GL059187
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Authors: Paulson K. W., Smith C W, Lessard M. R., Torbert R B, Kletzing C A, et al.
Title: In situ statistical observations of Pc1 pearl pulsations and unstructured EMIC waves by the Van Allen Probes
Abstract: We present here the first in situ statistical survey of structured Pc1 pearl pulsations compared with unstructured electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves observed by the Van Allen Probes spacecraft. This data set was compiled from observations spanning 8 September 2012 through 31 August 2015 and comprises over 1630 h of total EMIC wave activity, of which 291 h exhibited pearl structure. Additionally, we have identified 29 wave events demonstrating periodically oscillating wave packets, mostly about the magnetic equator, indicated by the reversal of Poynting flux along the background magnetic field. We have found several stark differences between Pc1 pearl pulsations and unstructured EMIC waves. While unstructured EMIC waves demonstrate the predicted behavior of a higher occurrence acro. . .
Date: 12/2016 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2016JA023160 Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016JA023160/full
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Authors: Pich Maria de Soria-S, Jun Insoo, and Evans Robin
Title: Empirical radiation belt models: Comparison with in-situ data and implications for environment definition
Abstract: The empirical AP8/AE8 model has been the de-facto Earth's radiation belts engineering reference for decades. The need from the community for a better model incubated the development of AP9/AE9/SPM, which addresses several shortcomings of the old model. We provide additional validation of AP9/AE9 by comparing in-situ electron and proton data from Jason-2, POES, and the Van Allen Probes spacecraft with the 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles from AE9/AP9 and with the model outputs from AE8/AP8. The relatively short duration of Van Allen Probes and Jason-2 missions means that their measurements are most certainly the result of specific climatological conditions. In LEO, the Jason-2 proton flux is better reproduced by AP8 compared to AP9, while the POES electron data are well enveloped by AE9 5th . . .
Date: 08/2017 Publisher: Space Weather DOI: 10.1002/2017SW001612 Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2017SW001612/full
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Authors: Pierrard V., and Rosson G.
Title: The effects of the big storm events in the first half of 2015 on the radiation belts observed by EPT/PROBA-V
Abstract: With the energetic particle telescope (EPT) performing with direct electron and proton discrimination on board the ESA satellite PROBA-V, we analyze the high-resolution measurements of the charged particle radiation environment at an altitude of 820 km for the year 2015. On 17 March 2015, a big geomagnetic storm event injected unusual fluxes up to low radial distances in the radiation belts. EPT electron measurements show a deep dropout at L > 4 starting during the main phase of the storm, associated to the penetration of high energy fluxes at L < 2 completely filling the slot region. After 10 days, the formation of a new slot around L = 2.8 for electrons of 500–600 keV separates the outer belt from the belt extending at other longitudes than the South Atlantic Anomaly. Two oth. . .
Date: 01/2016 Publisher: Annales Geophysicae Pages: 75 - 84 DOI: 10.5194/angeo-34-75-2016 Available at: http://www.ann-geophys.net/34/75/2016/
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