# Biblio

Found 377 results
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A
Authors: Reeves G D, Spence H E, Henderson M G, Tu W., Cunningham G. S., et al.
Title: Acceleration and loss driven by VLF chorus: Van Allen Probes observations and DREAM model results
Abstract: For over a decade now we have understood the response of the Earth's radiation belts to solar wind driving are a delicate balance of acceleration and loss processes. Theory has shown that the interaction of relativistic electrons with VLF whistler mode chorus can produce both energization through momentum diffusion and loss through pitch angle diffusion. Recent results from the Van Allen Probes mission has confirmed observationally that chorus can produce both acceleration and loss. The Van Allen Probes satellites are able to measure all the critical particle populations and wave fields with unprecedented precision and resolution but only at the two spacecraft locations. Those spatially-localized observations can be extended globally using three-dimensional diffusion codes such as the DREA. . .
Date: 08/2014 Publisher: IEEE DOI: 10.1109/URSIGASS.2014.6929879 Available at: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=6929879
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Authors: Ukhorskiy A. Y., Sitnov M. I., Merkin V. G., Gkioulidou M., and Mitchell D. G.
Title: Acceleration at Dipolarization Fronts in the Inner Magnetosphere
Abstract: During geomagnetic storms plasma pressure in the inner magnetosphere is controlled by energetic ions of tens to hundreds keV. Plasma pressure is the source of global storm-time currents, which control the distribution of magnetic field and couple the inner magnetosphere and the ionosphere. Recent analysis showed that the buildup of hot ion population in the inner magnetosphere largely occurs in the form of localized discrete injections associated with sharp dipolarizations of magnetic field, similar to dipolarization fronts in the magnetotail. Because of significant differences between the ambient magnetic field and the dipolarization front properties in the magnetotail and the inner magnetosphere, the physical mechanisms of ion acceleration at dipolarization fronts in these two regions ma. . .
Date: 01/2017 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2016ja023304 Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016JA023304
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Authors: Ginet G P, ’Brien T P, Huston S L, Johnston W R, Guild T B, et al.
Title: AE9, AP9 and SPM: New Models for Specifying the Trapped Energetic Particle and Space Plasma Environment
Abstract: The radiation belts and plasma in the Earth’s magnetosphere pose hazards to satellite systems which restrict design and orbit options with a resultant impact on mission performance and cost. For decades the standard space environment specification used for spacecraft design has been provided by the NASA AE8 and AP8 trapped radiation belt models. There are well-known limitations on their performance, however, and the need for a new trapped radiation and plasma model has been recognized by the engineering community for some time. To address this challenge a new set of models, denoted AE9/AP9/SPM, for energetic electrons, energetic protons and space plasma has been developed. The new models offer significant improvements including more detailed spatial resolution and the quantification of u. . .
Date: 11/2013 Publisher: Space Science Reviews DOI: 10.1007/s11214-013-9964-y Available at: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11214-013-9964-y
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Authors: Lyubchich A. A., Demekhov A. G., Titova E. E., and Yahnin A. G.
Title: Amplitude–frequency characteristics of ion–cyclotron and whistler-mode waves from Van Allen Probes data
Abstract: Using two-hour (from 2300 UT January 25, 2013 to 0100 UT January 26, 2013) measurement data from Van Allen Probes on fluxes of energetic particles, cold plasma density, and magnetic field magnitude, we have calculated the local growth rate of electromagnetic ion–cyclotron and whistler-mode waves for field-aligned propagation. The results of these calculations have been compared with wave spectra observed by the same Van Allen Probe spacecraft. The time intervals when the calculated wave increments are sufficiently large, and the frequency ranges corresponding to the enhancement peak agree with the frequency–time characteristics of observed electromagnetic waves. We have analyzed the influence of variations in the density and ionic composition of cold plasma, fluxes of energetic particl. . .
Date: 02/2017 Publisher: Geomagnetism and Aeronomy DOI: 10.1134/S001679321701008X Available at: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S001679321701008X
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Authors: Mauk B H
Title: Analysis of EMIC-wave-moderated flux limitation of measured energetic ion spectra in multispecies magnetospheric plasmas
Abstract: A differential Kennel-Petschek (KP) flux limit for magnetospheric energetic ions is devised taking into account multiple ion species effects on electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves that scatter the ions. The idea is that EMIC waves may limit the highest ion intensities during acceleration phases of storms and substorms (~ hour) while other mechanisms (e.g., charge exchange) may account for losses below those limits and over longer periods of time. This approach is applied to published Earth magnetosphere energetic ion spectra (~ keV to ~1 MeV) for radial positions (L) 3 to 6.7 RE. The flatness of the most intense spectral shapes for <100 keV indicate sculpting by just such a mechanism, but modifications of traditional KP parameters are needed to account for maximum fluxes up to 5. . .
Date: 08/2013 Publisher: Geophysical Research Letters Pages: 3804 - 3808 DOI: 10.1002/grl.50789 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/grl.50789
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Authors: de Soria-Santacruz M., Li W, Thorne R M, Ma Q, Bortnik J, et al.
Title: Analysis of plasmaspheric hiss wave amplitudes inferred from low-altitude POES electron data: Validation with conjunctive Van Allen Probes observations
Abstract: Plasmaspheric hiss plays an important role in controlling the overall structure and dynamics of the Earth's radiation belts. The interaction of plasmaspheric hiss with radiation belt electrons is commonly evaluated using diffusion codes, which rely on statistical models of wave observations that may not accurately reproduce the instantaneous global wave distribution, or the limited in-situ satellite wave measurements from satellites. This paper evaluates the performance and limitations of a novel technique capable of inferring wave amplitudes from low-altitude electron flux observations from the POES spacecraft, which provide extensive coverage in L-shell and MLT. We found that, within its limitations, this technique could potentially be used to build a dynamic global model of the plasmasp. . .
Date: 10/2015 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2015JA021148 Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2015JA021148/abstract
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Authors: de Soria-Santacruz M., Li W, Thorne R M, Ma Q, Bortnik J, et al.
Title: Analysis of plasmaspheric hiss wave amplitudes inferred from low-altitude POES electron data: Technique sensitivity analysis
Abstract: A novel technique capable of inferring wave amplitudes from low-altitude electron measurements from the POES spacecraft has been previously proposed to construct a global dynamic model of chorus and plasmaspheric hiss waves. In this paper we focus on plasmaspheric hiss, which is an incoherent broadband emission that plays a dominant role in the loss of energetic electrons from the inner magnetosphere. We analyze the sensitivity of the POES technique to different inputs used to infer the hiss wave amplitudes during three conjunction events with the Van Allen Probes. These amplitudes are calculated with different input models of the plasma density, wave frequency spectrum, and electron energy spectrum, and the results are compared to the wave observations from the twin Van Allen Probes. Only. . .
Date: 04/2015 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2014JA020941 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2014JA020941
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Authors: Crabtree Chris, Ganguli Gurudas, and Tejero Erik
Title: Analysis of self-consistent nonlinear wave-particle interactions of whistler waves in laboratory and space plasmas
Abstract: Whistler mode chorus is one of the most important emissions affecting the energization of the radiation belts. Recent laboratory experiments that inject energetic electron beams into a cold plasma have revealed several spectral features in the nonlinear evolution of these instabilities that have also been observed in high-time resolution in situ wave-form data. These features include (1) a sub-element structure which consists of an amplitude modulation on time-scales slower than the bounce time, (2) closely spaced discrete frequency hopping that results in a faster apparent frequency chirp rate, (3) fast frequency changes near the sub-element boundaries, and (4) harmonic generation. In this paper, we develop a finite dimensional self-consistent Hamiltonian model for the evolution of the re. . .
Date: 03/2017 Publisher: Physics of Plasmas Pages: 056501 DOI: 10.1063/1.4977539 Available at: http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.4977539
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Authors: Kemp Brian L, McGee Timothy G, and Shankar Uday J
Title: Analysis of Spinning Spacecraft with Wire Booms Part 1: Derivation of Nonlinear Dynamics
Abstract: Algebraic expressions for the governing equations of motion are developed to describe a spinning spacecraft with flexible appendages. Two limiting cases are investigated: appendages that are self-restoring and appendages that require spacecraft motion to restore. Solar panels have sufficient root stiffness to self-restore perturbations. Radial wire antennae have little intrinsic root stiffness and require centripetal acceleration from spacecraft rotations to restore perturbations. External forces applied for attitude corrections can displace spacecraft appendages from their steady-state position. The Radiation Belt Storm Probe (RBSP) satellite is used as an example to explore numerical results for several maneuvers.
Date: 08/2009 Publisher: AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference DOI: 10.2514/6.2009-6202 Available at: http://arc.aiaa.org/doi/pdf/10.2514/6.2009-6202
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Authors: McGee Timothy G, Shankar Uday J, and Kemp Brian L
Title: Analysis of Spinning Spacecraft with Wire Booms Part 2: Out-of-Plane Dynamics and Maneuvers
Abstract: An analysis of the dynamics for a spin stabilized spacecraft consisting of a rigid central hub with four long exible wire booms is presented. The analysis focuses on the dynamics out of the spin plane of the spacecraft. Companion papers will focus on the derivations of the full nonlinear dynamics and analysis of the in plane dynamics. A linear analysis is used to estimate the mode shapes of the free response of the system, the e ects of various damping mechanisms on these modes, and the dynamic response of the system to various maneuvers. The results of an independent simulation of the full nonlinear dynamics of the system are also provided to support the linear analysis. While the dynamics and analysis approach presented can be applied to the general class of spin stabilized space. . .
Date: 08/2009 Publisher: AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference DOI: 10.2514/6.2009-6203 Available at: http://arc.aiaa.org/doi/pdf/10.2514/6.2009-6203
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Authors: Shankar Uday J, McGee Timothy G, and Kemp Brian L
Title: Analysis of Spinning Spacecraft with Wire Booms Part 3: Spin-Plane Dynamics, Maneuvers, and Deployment
Abstract: Several science spacecraft use long wire booms as electric-field antennas and the spacecraft spins to maintain the orientation of these flexible wires. These booms account for a majority of the total spacecraft inertia while weighing only a small fraction of the total mass. The spacecraft dynamics is therefore dominated by these booms. The analysis of such spacecraft is further complicated by other flexible ap- pendages and the presence of damping in the system, both inherent in the sys- tem and from damping mechanisms deliberately added into the system. This pa- per and two companion papers analyze such spacecraft. The first of these derives the governing nonlinear equations from first principles. Under certain conditions, the dynamics neatly separate into spin-plane and out-of-p. . .
Date: 08/2009 Publisher: AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference DOI: 10.2514/6.2009-6204 Available at: http://arc.aiaa.org/doi/pdf/10.2514/6.2009-6204
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Authors: Yu Yiqun, Koller Josef, Jordanova Vania K., Zaharia Sorin G., Friedel Reinhard W., et al.
Title: Application and testing of the L * neural network with the self-consistent magnetic field model of RAM-SCB
Abstract: We expanded our previous work on L* neural networks that used empirical magnetic field models as the underlying models by applying and extending our technique to drift shells calculated from a physics-based magnetic field model. While empirical magnetic field models represent an average, statistical magnetospheric state, the RAM-SCB model, a first-principles magnetically self-consistent code, computes magnetic fields based on fundamental equations of plasma physics. Unlike the previous L* neural networks that include McIlwain L and mirror point magnetic field as part of the inputs, the new L* neural network only requires solar wind conditions and the Dst index, allowing for an easier preparation of input parameters. This new neural network is compared against those previously trained netwo. . .
Date: 03/2014 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Pages: 1683 - 1692 DOI: 10.1002/jgra.v119.310.1002/2013JA019350 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/jgra.v119.3http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2013JA019350
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Authors: Hartley D. P., Chen Y., Kletzing C A, Denton M. H., and Kurth W S
Title: Applying the cold plasma dispersion relation to whistler mode chorus waves: EMFISIS wave measurements from the Van Allen Probes
Abstract: Most theoretical wave models require the power in the wave magnetic field in order to determine the effect of chorus waves on radiation belt electrons. However, researchers typically use the cold plasma dispersion relation to approximate the magnetic wave power when only electric field data are available. In this study, the validity of using the cold plasma dispersion relation in this context is tested using Electric and Magnetic Field Instrument Suite and Integrated Science (EMFISIS) observations of both the electric and magnetic spectral intensities in the chorus wave band (0.1–0.9 fce). Results from this study indicate that the calculated wave intensity is least accurate during periods of enhanced wave activity. For observed wave intensities >10−3 nT2, using the cold plasma dispersi. . .
Date: 02/2015 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2014JA020808 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2014JA020808
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Authors: Mourenas D., Artemyev A. V., and Agapitov O.V.
Title: Approximate analytical formulation of radial diffusion and whistler-induced losses from a pre-existing flux peak in the plasmasphere
Abstract: Modeling the spatio-temporal evolution of relativistic electron fluxes trapped in the Earth's radiation belts in the presence of radial diffusion coupled with wave-induced losses should address one important question: how deep can relativistic electrons penetrate into the inner magnetosphere? However, a full modelling requires extensive numerical simulations solving the comprehensive quasi-linear equations describing pitch-angle and radial diffusion of the electron distribution, making it rather difficult to perform parametric studies of the flux behavior. Here, we consider the particular situation where a localized flux peak (or storage ring) has been produced at low L < 4 during a period of strong disturbances, through a combination of chorus-induced energy diffusion (or direct injection. . .
Date: 08/2015 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2015JA021623 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2015JA021623
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Authors: Zhelavskaya I. S., Spasojevic M., Shprits Y Y, and Kurth W S
Title: Automated determination of electron density from electric field measurements on the Van Allen Probes spacecraft
Abstract: We present the Neural-network-based Upper hybrid Resonance Determination (NURD) algorithm for automatic inference of the electron number density from plasma wave measurements made on board NASA's Van Allen Probes mission. A feedforward neural network is developed to determine the upper hybrid resonance frequency, fuhr, from electric field measurements, which is then used to calculate the electron number density. In previous missions, the plasma resonance bands were manually identified, and there have been few attempts to do robust, routine automated detections. We describe the design and implementation of the algorithm and perform an initial analysis of the resulting electron number density distribution obtained by applying NURD to 2.5 years of data collected with the Electric and Magnetic. . .
Date: 05/2016 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2015JA022132 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2015JA022132
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Authors: Kistler L.M., Mouikis C. G., Spence H.E., Menz A.M., Skoug R.M., et al.
Title: The Source of O + in the Storm-time Ring Current
Abstract: A stretched and compressed geomagnetic field occurred during the main phase of a geomagnetic storm on 1 June 2013. During the storm the Van Allen Probes spacecraft made measurements of the plasma sheet boundary layer, and observed large fluxes of O+ ions streaming up the field line from the nightside auroral region. Prior to the storm main phase there was an increase in the hot (>1 keV) and more isotropic O+ions in the plasma sheet. In the spacecraft inbound pass through the ring current region during the storm main phase, the H+ and O+ ions were significantly enhanced. We show that this enhanced inner magnetosphere ring current population is due to the inward adiabatic convection of the plasma sheet ion population. The energy range of the O+ ion plasma sheet that impacts the ring curren. . .
Date: 05/2016 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2015JA022204 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2015JA022204
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Authors: Claudepierre S G, O'Brien T P, Blake J B, Fennell J. F., Roeder J. L., et al.
Title: A background correction algorithm for Van Allen Probes MagEIS electron flux measurements
Abstract: We describe an automated computer algorithm designed to remove background contamination from the Van Allen Probes MagEIS electron flux measurements. We provide a detailed description of the algorithm with illustrative examples from on-orbit data. We find two primary sources of background contamination in the MagEIS electron data: inner zone protons and bremsstrahlung X-rays generated by energetic electrons interacting with the spacecraft material. Bremsstrahlung X-rays primarily produce contamination in the lower energy MagEIS electron channels (~30-500 keV) and in regions of geospace where multi-MeV electrons are present. Inner zone protons produce contamination in all MagEIS energy channels at roughly L < 2.5. The background corrected MagEIS electron data produce a more accurate me. . .
Date: 06/2015 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2015JA021171 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2015JA021171
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Authors: Millan R M, McCarthy M P, Sample J G, Smith D M, Thompson L D, et al.
Title: The Balloon Array for RBSP Relativistic Electron Losses (BARREL)
Abstract: BARREL is a multiple-balloon investigation designed to study electron losses from Earth’s Radiation Belts. Selected as a NASA Living with a Star Mission of Opportunity, BARREL augments the Radiation Belt Storm Probes mission by providing measurements of relativistic electron precipitation with a pair of Antarctic balloon campaigns that will be conducted during the Austral summers (January-February) of 2013 and 2014. During each campaign, a total of 20 small (∼20 kg) stratospheric balloons will be successively launched to maintain an array of ∼5 payloads spread across ∼6 hours of magnetic local time in the region that magnetically maps to the radiation belts. Each balloon carries an X-ray spectrometer to measure the bremsstrahlung X-rays produced by precipitating relativistic electr. . .
Date: 11/2013 Publisher: Space Science Reviews DOI: 10.1007/s11214-013-9971-z Available at: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11214-013-9971-z
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Authors: Halford A J, McGregor S. L., Hudson M K, Millan R M, and Kress B T
Title: BARREL observations of a Solar Energetic Electron and Solar Energetic Proton event
Abstract: During the second Balloon Array for Radiation Belt Relativistic Electron Losses (BARREL) campaign two solar energetic proton (SEP) events were observed. Although BARREL was designed to observe X-rays created during electron precipitation events, it is sensitive to X-rays from other sources. The gamma lines produced when energetic protons hit the upper atmosphere are used in this paper to study SEP events. During the second SEP event starting on 7 January 2014 and lasting ∼ 3 days, which also had a solar energetic electron (SEE) event occurring simultaneously, BARREL had 6 payloads afloat spanning all MLT sectors and L-values. Three payloads were in a tight array (∼ 2 hrs in MLT and ∼ 2 Δ L) inside the inner magnetosphere and at times conjugate in both L and MLT with the Van Allen Pr. . .
Date: 04/2016 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Pages: n/a - n/a DOI: 10.1002/2016JA022462 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2016JA022462http://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2F2016JA022462
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Authors: Schultz Colin
Title: Boom and bust for radiation belt high-energy electron populations
Abstract: Launched on 30 August 2012, the twin Van Allen probes constitute the first dedicated mission in decades to study the Earth's radiation belts. The sensor-laden spacecraft follow a nearly equatorial orbit, which gives them a complete view of the full range of radiation belt processes. In a new study, Baker et al. lay out some of the surprising results unveiled by the crafts' first year in orbit.
Date: 07/2014 Publisher: Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union Pages: 260 - 260 DOI: 10.1002/eost.v95.2810.1002/2014EO280021 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2014EO280021
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Authors: Chaston C. C., Bonnell J. W., Kletzing C A, Hospodarsky G B, Wygant J R, et al.
Title: Broadband low frequency electromagnetic waves in the inner magnetosphere
Abstract: A prominent yet largely unrecognized feature of the inner magnetosphere associated with particle injections, and more generally geomagnetic storms, is the occurrence of broadband electromagnetic field fluctuations over spacecraft frame frequencies (fsc) extending from effectively zero to fsc ≳ 100 Hz. Using observations from the Van Allen Probes we show that these waves most commonly occur pre-midnight but are observed over a range of local times extending into the dayside magnetosphere. We find that the variation of magnetic spectral energy density with fsc obeys inline image over several decades with a spectral break-point at fb ≈1 Hz. The values for α are log normally distributed with α = 1.9 ± 0.6 for fsc < fb andα = 2.9 ± 0.6 for fsc > fb. A is . . .
Date: 09/2015 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2015JA021690 Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/2015JA021690/abstract
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Authors: Artemyev A. V., Agapitov O. V., Mozer F S, and Spence H.
Title: Butterfly pitch-angle distribution of relativistic electrons in the outer radiation belt: Evidence of nonadiabatic scattering
Abstract: In this paper we investigate the scattering of relativistic electrons in the night-side outer radiation belt (around the geostationary orbit). We consider the particular case of low geomagnetic activity (|Dst|< 20 nT), quiet conditions in the solar wind, and absence of whistler wave emissions. For such conditions we find several events of Van-Allen probe observations of butterfly pitch-angle distributions of relativistic electrons (energies about 1-3 MeV). Many previous publications have described such pitch-angle distributions over a wide energy range as due to the combined effect of outward radial diffusion and magnetopause shadowing. In this paper we discuss another mechanism that produces butterfly distributions over a limited range of electron energies. We suggest that such distributi. . .
Date: 05/2015 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2014JA020865 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2014JA020865
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Authors: Sarris Theodore E., and Li Xinlin
Title: Calculating ultra-low-frequency wave power of the compressional magnetic field vs. L and time: multi-spacecraft analysis using the Van Allen probes, THEMIS and GOES
Abstract: Ultra-low-frequency (ULF) pulsations are critical in radial diffusion processes of energetic particles, and the power spectral density (PSD) of these fluctuations is an integral part of the radial diffusion coefficients and of assimilative models of the radiation belts. Using simultaneous measurements from two Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) geosynchronous satellites, three satellites of the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) spacecraft constellation and the two Van Allen probes during a 10-day period of intense geomagnetic activity and ULF pulsations of October 2012, we calculate the PSDs of ULF pulsations at different L shells. By following the time history of measurements at different L it is shown that, during this tim. . .
Date: 06/2016 Publisher: Annales Geophysicae Pages: 565 - 571 DOI: 10.5194/angeo-34-565-2016 Available at: http://www.ann-geophys.net/34/565/2016/
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Authors: Li W, Ni B, Thorne R M, Bortnik J, Green J C, et al.
Title: Calculation of whistler-mode wave intensity using energetic electron precipitation
Abstract: The energetic electron population measured by multiple low-altitude POES satellites is used to infer whistlermode wave amplitudes using a physics-based inversion technique. We validate this technique by quantitatively analyzing a conjunction event between the Van Allen Probes and POES, and find that the inferred hiss wave amplitudes from POES electron measurements agree remarkably well with directly measured hiss waves amplitudes. We also use this technique to construct the global distribution of chorus wave intensity with extensive coverage over a broad L-MLT region during the 8–9 October 2012 storm and demonstrate that the inferred chorus wave amplitudes agree well with conjugate measurements of chorus wave amplitudes from the Van Allen Probes. The evolution of the whistler-mode wave i. . .
Date: 08/2014 Publisher: IEEE DOI: 10.1109/URSIGASS.2014.6929965 Available at: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=6929965
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Authors: Turner D. L., Angelopoulos V, Morley S. K., Henderson M G, Reeves G D, et al.
Title: On the cause and extent of outer radiation belt losses during the 30 September 2012 dropout event
Abstract: On 30 September 2012, a flux “dropout” occurred throughout Earth's outer electron radiation belt during the main phase of a strong geomagnetic storm. Using eight spacecraft from NASA's Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) and Van Allen Probes missions and NOAA's Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites constellation, we examined the full extent and timescales of the dropout based on particle energy, equatorial pitch angle, radial distance, and species. We calculated phase space densities of relativistic electrons, in adiabatic invariant coordinates, which revealed that loss processes during the dropout were > 90% effective throughout the majority of the outer belt and the plasmapause played a key role in limiting the spatial extent . . .
Date: 03/2014 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Pages: 1530 - 1540 DOI: 10.1002/2013JA019446 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2013JA019446
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Authors: Lee Jeongwoo, Min Kyungguk, and Kim Kap-Sung
Title: Characteristic dimension of electromagnetic ion cyclotron wave activity in the magnetosphere
Abstract: [1] In this paper, we estimate the size of coherent activity of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves using the multi‒spacecraft observations made during the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) mission. We calculate the cross‒correlations between EMIC wave powers measured by different THEMIS spacecraft, plot them over the separation distances between pairs of observing spacecraft, and determine the 1/e folding distance of the correlations as the characteristic dimension of the coherent wave activity. The characteristic radius in the direction transverse to the local magnetic field is found to lie in rather a wide range of 1500–8600 km varying from the AM to PM sectors and also from hydrogen to helium bands. However, the characteristic d. . .
Date: 04/2013 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Pages: 1651 - 1658 DOI: 10.1002/jgra.50242 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/jgra.50242
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Authors: Ma Q, Li W, Thorne R M, Bortnik J, Reeves G D, et al.
Title: Characteristic energy range of electron scattering due to plasmaspheric hiss
Abstract: We investigate the characteristic energy range of electron flux decay due to the interaction with plasmaspheric hiss in the Earth's inner magnetosphere. The Van Allen Probes have measured the energetic electron flux decay profiles in the Earth's outer radiation belt during a quiet period following the geomagnetic storm that occurred on 7 November 2015. The observed energy of significant electron decay increases with decreasing L shell and is well correlated with the energy band corresponding to the first adiabatic invariant μ = 4–200 MeV/G. The electron diffusion coefficients due to hiss scattering are calculated at L = 2–6, and the modeled energy band of effective pitch angle scattering is also well correlated with the constant μ lines and is consistent with the observed e. . .
Date: 11/2016 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2016JA023311 Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016JA023311/full
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Authors: Zhao H., Li X, Blake J B, Fennell J. F., Claudepierre S G, et al.
Title: Characteristics of pitch angle distributions of 100 s keV electrons in the slot region and inner radiation belt
Abstract: The pitch angle distribution (PAD) of energetic electrons in the slot region and inner radiation belt received little attention in the past decades due to the lack of quality measurements. Using the state-of-art pitch-angle-resolved data from the Magnetic Electron Ion Spectrometer (MagEIS) instrument onboard the Van Allen Probes, a detailed analysis of 100 s keV electron PADs below L = 4 is performed, in which the PADs is categorized into three types: normal (flux peaking at 90∘), cap (exceedingly peaking narrowly around 90∘) and 90∘-minimum (lower flux at 90∘) PADs. By examining the characteristics of the PADs of ~460 keV electrons for over a year, we find that the 90∘-minimum PADs are generally present in the inner belt (L < 2), while normal PADs dominate at .L ~3.5. . .
Date: 11/2014 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2014JA020386 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2014JA020386
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Authors: Zhou Xu-Zhi, Wang Zi-Han, Zong Qiu-Gang, Rankin Robert, Kivelson Margaret G., et al.
Title: Charged particle behavior in the growth and damping stages of ultralow frequency waves: theory and Van Allen Probes observations
Abstract: Ultralow frequency (ULF) electromagnetic waves in Earth's magnetosphere can accelerate charged particles via a process called drift resonance. In the conventional drift-resonance theory, a default assumption is that the wave growth rate is time-independent, positive, and extremely small. However, this is not the case for ULF waves in the real magnetosphere. The ULF waves must have experienced an earlier growth stage when their energy was taken from external and/or internal sources, and as time proceeds the waves have to be damped with a negative growth rate. Therefore, a more generalized theory on particle behavior during different stages of ULF wave evolution is required. In this paper, we introduce a time-dependent imaginary wave frequency to accommodate the growth and damping of the wav. . .
Date: 03/2016 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Pages: n/a - n/a DOI: 10.1002/2016JA022447 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2016JA022447http://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2F2016JA022447
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Authors: Xiao Fuliang, Yang Chang, He Zhaoguo, Su Zhenpeng, Zhou Qinghua, et al.
Title: Chorus acceleration of radiation belt relativistic electrons during March 2013 geomagnetic storm
Abstract: The recent launching of Van Allen probes provides an unprecedent opportunity to investigate variations of the radiation belt relativistic electrons. During the 17–19 March 2013 storm, the Van Allen probes simultaneously detected strong chorus waves and substantial increases in fluxes of relativistic (2 − 4.5 MeV) electrons around L = 4.5. Chorus waves occurred within the lower band 0.1–0.5fce (the electron equatorial gyrofrequency), with a peak spectral density ∼10−4 nT2/Hz. Correspondingly, relativistic electron fluxes increased by a factor of 102–103 during the recovery phase compared to the main phase levels. By means of a Gaussian fit to the observed chorus spectra, the drift and bounce-averaged diffusion coefficients are calculated and then used to solve a 2-D Fokker-Planc. . .
Date: 05/2014 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Pages: 3325 - 3332 DOI: 10.1002/2014JA019822 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2014JA019822
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Authors: Min Kyungguk, Lee Jeongwoo, and Keika Kunihiro
Title: Chorus wave generation near the dawnside magnetopause due to drift shell splitting of substorm-injected electrons
Abstract: We study the relationship between the electron injection and the chorus waves during a substorm event on 23 March 2007. The chorus waves were detected at high geomagnetic latitude (∼70°S) Antarctic observatories in the range of 0600–0900 h in magnetic local time (MLT). Electrons drifting from the injection event were measured by two LANL spacecraft at 0300 and 0900 MLT. The mapping of auroral brightening areas to the magnetic equator shows that the injection occurred in an MLT range of 2200–2400. This estimate is consistent with observations by the THEMIS A, B, and D spacecraft (which were located at 2100 MLT and did not observe electron injections). Our backward model tracing from the magnetic equator near the dawnside magnetopause (which magnetically connects to the Antar. . .
Date: 10/2010 Publisher: American Geophysical Union DOI: 10.1029/2010JA015474
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Authors: Malaspina D. M., Ergun R. E., Sturner A., Wygant J R, Bonnell J W, et al.
Title: Chorus waves and spacecraft potential fluctuations: Evidence for wave-enhanced photoelectron escape
Abstract: Chorus waves are important for electron energization and loss in Earth's radiation belts and inner magnetosphere. Because the amplitude and spatial distribution of chorus waves can be strongly influenced by plasma density fluctuations and spacecraft floating potential can be a diagnostic of plasma density, the relationship between measured potential and chorus waves is examined using Van Allen Probes data. While measured potential and chorus wave electric fields correlate strongly, potential fluctuation properties are found not to be consistent with plasma density fluctuations on the timescales of individual chorus wave packets. Instead, potential fluctuations are consistent with enhanced photoelectron escape driven by chorus wave electric fields. Enhanced photoelectron escape may result i. . .
Date: 01/2014 Publisher: Geophysical Research Letters Pages: 236 - 243 DOI: 10.1002/2013GL058769 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2013GL058769
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Authors: Agapitov O., Blum L. W., Mozer F S, Bonnell J. W., and Wygant J
Title: Chorus whistler wave source scales as determined from multipoint Van Allen Probe measurements
Abstract: Whistler mode chorus waves are particularly important in outer radiation belt dynamics due to their key role in controlling the acceleration and scattering of electrons over a very wide energy range. The key parameters for both nonlinear and quasi-linear treatment of wave-particle interactions are the temporal and spatial scales of the wave source region and coherence of the wave field perturbations. Neither the source scale nor the coherence scale is well established experimentally, mostly because of a lack of multipoint VLF waveform measurements. We present an unprecedentedly long interval of coordinated VLF waveform measurements (sampled at 16384 s−1) aboard the two Van Allen Probes spacecraft—9 h (0800–1200 UT and 1700–2200 UT) during two consecutive apogees on 15 July . . .
Date: 03/2017 Publisher: Geophysical Research Letters DOI: 10.1002/2017GL072701 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2017GL072701
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Authors: Su Zhenpeng, Xiao Fuliang, Zheng Huinan, and Zhu Hui
Title: Chorus-driven acceleration of radiation belt electrons in the unusual temporal/spatial regions
Abstract: Cyclotron resonance with whistler-mode chorus waves is an important mechanism for the local acceleration of radiation belt energetic electrons. Such acceleration process has been widely investigated during the storm times, and its favored region is usually considered to be the low-density plasmatrough with magnetic local time (MLT) from midnight through dawn to noon. Here we present two case studies on the chorus-driven acceleration of radiation belt electrons in some “unusual” temporal /spatial regions. (1) The first event recorded by the Van Allen Probes during the nonstorm times from 21 to 23 February 2013. Within two days, a new radiation belt centering around L=5.8 formed and gradually merged with the original outer belt. The corresponding relativistic electron fluxes increased by. . .
Date: 08/2014 Publisher: IEEE DOI: 10.1109/URSIGASS.2014.6929875 Available at: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=6929875
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Authors: Cohen Ross, Gerrard Andrew, Lanzerotti Louis, Soto-Chavez A. R., Kim Hyomin, et al.
Title: Climatology of high β plasma measurements in Earth's inner magnetosphere
Abstract: Since their launch in August 2012, the Radiation Belt Storm Probe Ion Composition Experiment (RBSPICE) instruments on the NASA Van Allen Probes spacecraft have been making continuous high resolution measurements of Earth's ring current plasma environment. After a full traversal through all magnetic local times, a climatology (i.e., a survey of observations) of high beta (β) plasma events (defined here as β>1) as measured by the RBSPICE instrument in the ∼45-keV to ∼600-keV proton energy range in the inner magnetosphere (L<5.8) has been constructed. In this paper we report this climatology of such high β plasma occurrences, durations, and their general characteristics. Specifically, we show that most high β events in the RBSPICE energy range are associated with post-dusk/pre-midnigh. . .
Date: 12/2016 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2016JA022513 Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016JA022513/full
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Authors: Cohen Ross, Gerrard Andrew J., Lanzerotti Louis J., Soto-Chavez A. R., Kim Hyomin, et al.
Title: Climatology of high-β plasma measurements in Earth's inner magnetosphere
Abstract: Since their launch in August 2012, the Radiation Belt Storm Probe Ion Composition Experiment (RBSPICE) instruments on the NASA Van Allen Probes spacecraft have been making continuous high-resolution measurements of Earth's ring current plasma environment. After a full traversal through all magnetic local times, a climatology (i.e., a survey of observations) of high-beta (β) plasma events (defined here as β > 1) as measured by the RBSPICE instrument in the ∼45 keV to ∼600 keV proton energy range in the inner magnetosphere (L < 5.8) has been constructed. In this paper we report this climatology of such high-β plasma occurrences, durations, and their general characteristics. Specifically, we show that most high-β events in the RBSPICE energy range are associated with postdusk/premidni. . .
Date: 01/2017 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2016JA022513 Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016JA022513
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Authors: Li Jinxing, Bortnik Jacob, Li Wen, Thorne Richard M., Ma Qianli, et al.
Title: Coherently modulated whistler mode waves simultaneously observed over unexpectedly large spatial scales
Abstract: Utilizing simultaneous twin Van Allen Probes observations of whistler mode waves at variable separations, we are able to distinguish the temporal variations from spatial variations, determine the coherence spatial scale, and suggest the possible mechanism of wave modulation. The two probes observed coherently modulated whistler mode waves simultaneously at an unexpectedly large distance up to ~4.3 RE over 3 h during a relatively quiet period. The modulation of 150–500 Hz plasmaspheric hiss was correlated with whistler mode waves measured outside the plasmasphere across 3 h in magnetic local time and 3 L shells, revealing that the modulation was temporal in nature. We suggest that the coherent modulation of whistler mode waves was associated with the coherent ULF waves measured ov. . .
Date: 02/2017 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2016JA023706 Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016JA023706/full
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Authors: Shprits Yuri Y, Kellerman Adam, Drozdov Alexander, Spense Harlan, Reeves Geoffrey, et al.
Title: Combined Convective and Diffusive Simulations: VERB-4D Comparison with March 17, 2013 Van Allen Probes Observations
Abstract: This study is focused on understanding the coupling between different electron populations in the inner magnetosphere and the various physical processes that determine evolution of electron fluxes at different energies. Observations during the March 17, 2013 storm and simulations with a newly developed Versatile Electron Radiation Belt-4D (VERB-4D) are presented. Analysis of the drift trajectories of the energetic and relativistic electrons shows that electron trajectories at transitional energies with a first invariant on the scale of ~100MeV/G may resemble ring current or relativistic electron trajectories depending on the level of geomagnetic activity. Simulations with the VERB-4D code including convection, radial diffusion, and energy diffusion are presented. Sensitivity simulations in. . .
Date: 09/2015 Publisher: Geophysical Research Letters DOI: 10.1002/2015GL065230 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2015GL065230
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Authors: He Fengming, Cao Xing, Ni Binbin, Xiang Zheng, Zhou Chen, et al.
Title: Combined Scattering Loss of Radiation Belt Relativistic Electrons by Simultaneous Three-band EMIC Waves: A Case Study
Abstract: Multiband electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves can drive efficient scattering loss of radiation belt relativistic electrons. However, it is statistically uncommon to capture the three bands of EMIC waves concurrently. Utilizing data from the Electric and Magnetic Field Instrument Suite and Integrated Science magnetometer onboard Van Allen Probe A, we report the simultaneous presence of three (H+, He+, and O+) emission bands in an EMIC wave event, which provides an opportunity to look into the combined scattering effect of all EMIC emissions and the relative roles of each band in diffusing radiation belt relativistic electrons under realistic circumstances. Our quantitative results, obtained by quasi-linear diffusion rate computations and 1-D pure pitch angle diffusion simulations, de. . .
Date: 05/2016 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2016JA022483 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2016JA022483
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Authors: Mauk B H
Title: Comparative Investigation of the Energetic Ion Spectra Comprising the Magnetospheric Ring Currents of the Solar System
Abstract: Investigated here are factors that control the intensities and shapes of energetic ion spectra that make up the ring current populations of the strongly magnetized planets of the solar system, specifically those of Earth, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Following a previous and similar comparative investigation of radiation belt electrons, we here turn our attention to ions. Specifically, we examine the possible role of the differential ion Kennel-Petschek limit, as moderated by Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron (EMIC) waves, as a standard for comparing the most intense ion spectra within the strongly magnetized planetary magnetospheres. In carrying out this investigation, the substantial complexities engendered by the very different ion composition distributions of these diverse magneto. . .
Date: 11/2014 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2014JA020392 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2014JA020392
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Authors: Lui A. T. Y., Mitchell D G, and Lanzerotti L J
Title: Comparison of Energetic Electron Intensities Outside and Inside the Radiation Belts
Abstract: The intensities of energetic electrons (~25 – 800 keV) outside and inside Earth's radiation belts are reported using measurements from THEMIS and Van Allen Probes during non-geomagnetic storm periods. Three intervals of current disruption/dipolarization events in August, 2013 were selected for comparison. The following results are obtained. (1) Phase space densities (PSDs) for the equatorially mirroring electron population at three values of the first adiabatic invariant (20, 70, and 200 MeV/G) at the outer radiation belt boundary are found to be one to three orders of magnitude higher than values measured just inside the radiation belt. (2) There is indication that substorm activity leads to PSD increases inside L = 5.5 in less than 1 hr. (3) Evidence for progressive inward tr. . .
Date: 08/2014 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2014JA020049 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2014JA020049
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Authors: Engel M. A., Kress B T, Hudson M K, and Selesnick R. S.
Title: Comparison of Van Allen Probes radiation belt proton data with test particle simulation for the 17 March 2015 storm
Abstract: The loss of protons in the outer part of the inner radiation belt (L = 2 to 3) during the 17 March 2015 geomagnetic storm was investigated using test particle simulations that follow full Lorentz trajectories with both magnetic and electric fields calculated from an empirical model. The simulation results presented here are compared with proton pitch angle measurements from the Van Allen Probe satellites Relativistic Electron Proton Telescope (REPT) instrument before and after the coronal mass ejection-shock-driven storm of 17–18 March 2015, with minimum Dst =− 223 nT, the strongest storm of Solar Cycle 24, for four different energy ranges with 30, 38, 50, and 66 MeV mean energies. Two simulations have been run, one with an inductive electric field and one without. All four energy chan. . .
Date: 11/2016 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2016JA023333 Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016JA023333/full
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Authors: Turner D. L., Angelopoulos V, Li W, Bortnik J, Ni B, et al.
Title: Competing source and loss mechanisms due to wave-particle interactions in Earth's outer radiation belt during the 30 September to 3 October 2012 geomagnetic storm
Abstract: Drastic variations of Earth's outer radiation belt electrons ultimately result from various competing source, loss, and transport processes, to which wave-particle interactions are critically important. Using 15 spacecraft including NASA's Van Allen Probes, THEMIS, and SAMPEX missions and NOAA's GOES and POES constellations, we investigated the evolution of the outer belt during the strong geomagnetic storm of 30 September to 3 October 2012. This storm's main phase dropout exhibited enhanced losses to the atmosphere at L* < 4, where the phase space density (PSD) of multi-MeV electrons dropped by over an order of magnitude in <4 h. Based on POES observations of precipitating >1 MeV electrons and energetic protons, SAMPEX >1 MeV electrons, and ground observations of band-limited Pc. . .
Date: 03/2014 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Pages: 1960 - 1979 DOI: 10.1002/jgra.v119.310.1002/2014JA019770 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/jgra.v119.3http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2014JA019770
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Authors: Denton M. H., Reeves G. E., Thomsen M F, Henderson M G, Friedel R H W, et al.
Title: The complex nature of storm-time ion dynamics: Transport and local acceleration
Abstract: Data from the Van Allen Probes Helium, Oxygen, Proton, Electron (HOPE) spectrometers reveal hitherto unresolved spatial structure and dynamics in ion populations. Complex regions of O+ dominance, at energies from a few eV to >10 keV, are observed throughout the magnetosphere. Isolated regions on the dayside that are rich in energetic O+ might easily be interpreted as strong energization of ionospheric plasma. We demonstrate, however, that both the energy spectrum and the limited MLT extent of these features can be explained by energy-dependent drift of particles injected on the night side 24 hours earlier. Particle tracing simulations show that the energetic O+ can originate in the magnetotail, not in the ionosphere. Enhanced wave activity is co-located with the heavy-ion rich plasma a. . .
Date: 09/2016 Publisher: Geophysical Research Letters DOI: 10.1002/2016GL070878 Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/2016GL070878/abstract
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Authors: Fok M.-C., Buzulukova N. Y., Chen S.-H., Glocer A., Nagai T., et al.
Title: The Comprehensive Inner Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Model
Abstract: Simulation studies of the Earth's radiation belts and ring current are very useful in understanding the acceleration, transport, and loss of energetic particles. Recently, the Comprehensive Ring Current Model (CRCM) and the Radiation Belt Environment (RBE) model were merged to form a Comprehensive Inner Magnetosphere-Ionosphere (CIMI) model. CIMI solves for many essential quantities in the inner magnetosphere, including ion and electron distributions in the ring current and radiation belts, plasmaspheric density, Region 2 currents, convection potential, and precipitation in the ionosphere. It incorporates whistler mode chorus and hiss wave diffusion of energetic electrons in energy, pitch angle, and cross terms. CIMI thus represents a comprehensive model that considers the effects of the r. . .
Date: 09/2014 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Pages: 7522 - 7540 DOI: 10.1002/jgra.v119.910.1002/2014JA020239 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/jgra.v119.9http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2014JA020239
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Authors: Liu H., Zong Q.-G., Zhou X.-Z., Fu S. Y., Rankin R, et al.
Title: Compressional ULF wave modulation of energetic particles in the inner magnetosphere
Abstract: We present Van Allen Probes observations of modulations in the flux of very energetic electrons up to a few MeV and protons between 1200 − 1400 UT on February 19th, 2014. During this event the spacecraft were in the dayside magnetosphere at L⋆≈5.5. The modulations extended across a wide range of particle energies, from 79.80 keV to 2.85 MeV for electrons and from 82.85 keV to 636.18 keV for protons. The fluxes of π/2 pitch angle particles were observed to attain maximum values simultaneously with the ULF compressional magnetic field component reaching a minimum. We use peak-to-valley ratios to quantify the strength of the modulation effect, finding that the modulation is larger at higher energies than at lower energies. It is shown that the compressional wave modulation of the parti. . .
Date: 05/2016 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2016JA022706 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2016JA022706
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Authors: ěmec F., Hospodarsky G., Pickett J. S., ík O., Kurth W S, et al.
Title: Conjugate observations of quasiperiodic emissions by the Cluster, Van Allen Probes, and THEMIS spacecraft
Abstract: We present results of a detailed analysis of two electromagnetic wave events observed in the inner magnetosphere at frequencies of a few kilohertz, which exhibit a quasiperiodic (QP) time modulation of the wave intensity. The events were observed by the Cluster and Van Allen Probes spacecraft and in one event also by the THEMIS E spacecraft. The spacecraft were significantly separated in magnetic local time, demonstrating a huge azimuthal extent of the events. Geomagnetic conditions at the times of the observations were very quiet, and the events occurred inside the plasmasphere. The modulation period observed by the Van Allen Probes and THEMIS E spacecraft (duskside) was in both events about twice larger than the modulation period observed by the Cluster spacecraft (dawnside). Moreover, i. . .
Date: 08/2016 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Pages: 7647 - 7663 DOI: 10.1002/2016JA022774 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2016JA022774
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Authors: Osmane Adnane, III Lynn B. Wilson, Blum Lauren, and Pulkkinen Tuija I.
Title: On the Connection Between Microbursts and Nonlinear Electronic Structures in Planetary Radiation Belts
Abstract: Using a dynamical-system approach, we have investigated the efficiency of large-amplitude whistler waves for causing microburst precipitation in planetary radiation belts by modeling the microburst energy and particle fluxes produced as a result of nonlinear wave–particle interactions. We show that wave parameters, consistent with large-amplitude oblique whistlers, can commonly generate microbursts of electrons with hundreds of keV-energies as a result of Landau trapping. Relativistic microbursts (>1 MeV) can also be generated by a similar mechanism, but require waves with large propagation angles ${\theta }_{{kB}}\gt 50^\circ$ and phase-speeds ${v}_{{\rm{\Phi }}}\geqslant c/9$. Using our result for precipitating density and energy fluxes, we argue that holes in the distribution functio. . .
Date: 01/2016 Publisher: The Astrophysical Journal Pages: 51 DOI: 10.3847/0004-637X/816/2/51 Available at: http://stacks.iop.org/0004-637X/816/i=2/a=51?key=crossref.70d237eeae19ada88cf791dd9ba676be
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Authors: Li W, Ni B, Thorne R M, Bortnik J, Green J C, et al.
Title: Constructing the global distribution of chorus wave intensity using measurements of electrons by the POES satellites and waves by the Van Allen Probes
Abstract: We adopt a physics-based technique to infer chorus wave amplitudes from the low-altitude electron population (30–100 keV) measured by multiple Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (POES), which provide extensive coverage over a broad region in L-shell and magnetic local time (MLT). This technique is validated by analyzing conjunction events between the Van Allen Probes measuring chorus wave amplitudes near the equator and POES satellites measuring the 30–100 keV electron population at the conjugate low altitudes. We apply this technique to construct the chorus wave distributions during the 8–9 October storm in 2012 and demonstrate that the inferred chorus wave amplitudes agree reasonably well with conjugate measurements of chorus wave amplitudes from the Van Allen Probes. The . . .
Date: 09/2013 Publisher: Geophysical Research Letters Pages: 4526 - 4532 DOI: 10.1002/grl.v40.1710.1002/grl.50920 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/grl.v40.17http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/grl.50920
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Authors: Selesnick R. S., Su Y.-J., and Blake J B
Title: Control of the innermost electron radiation belt by large-scale electric fields
Abstract: Electron measurements from the Magnetic Electron Ion Spectrometer instruments on Van Allen Probes, for kinetic energies ∼100 to 400 keV, show characteristic dynamical features of the innermost ( inline image) radiation belt: rapid injections, slow decay, and structured energy spectra. There are also periods of steady or slowly increasing intensity and of fast decay following injections. Local time asymmetry, with higher intensity near dawn, is interpreted as evidence for drift shell distortion by a convection electric field of magnitude ∼0.4 mV/m during geomagnetically quiet times. Fast fluctuations in the electric field, on the drift time scale, cause inward diffusion. Assuming that they are proportional to changes in Kp, the resulting diffusion coefficient is sufficient to replenish . . .
Date: 08/2016 Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics DOI: 10.1002/2016JA022973 Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2016JA022973
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