Forecasting and remote sensing outer belt relativistic electrons from low Earth orbit

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Abstract
This study demonstrates the feasibility and reliability of using observations from low Earth orbit (LEO) to forecast and nowcast relativistic electrons in the outer radiation belt. We first report a high cross-energy, cross-pitch-angle coherence discovered between the trapped MeV electrons and precipitating approximately hundreds (~100s) of keV electrons\textemdashobserved by satellites with very different altitudes\textemdashwith correlation coefficients as high as ≳ 0.85. Based upon the coherence, we then tested the feasibility of applying linear prediction filters to LEO data to predict the arrival of new MeV electrons during geomagnetic storms, as well as their evolving distributions afterward. Reliability of these predictive filters is quantified by the performance efficiency with values as high as 0.74 when driven merely by LEO observations (or up to 0.94 with the inclusion of in situ MeV electron measurements). Finally, a hypothesis based upon the wave-particle resonance theory is proposed to explain the coherence, and a first-principle electron tracing model yields supporting evidence.
Year of Publication
2016
Journal
Geophysical Research Letters
Volume
43
Number of Pages
1031-1038
Date Published
02/2016
URL
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2015GL067481/full
DOI
10.1002/2015GL067481
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