Low-Energy (<keV) O <sup>+</sup> Ion Outflow Directly Into the Inner Magnetosphere: Van Allen Probes Observations

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Abstract
The heavy ion component of the low-energy (eV to hundreds of eV) ion population in the inner magnetosphere, also known as the O+ torus, is a crucial population for various aspects of magnetospheric dynamics. Yet even though its existence has been known since the 1980s, its formation remains an open question. We present a comprehensive study of a low-energy (
Year of Publication
2019
Journal
Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
Number of Pages
405-419
Date Published
01/2019
URL
https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2018JA025862
DOI
10.1029/2018JA025862
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